Aromatic, bitter, nervine tonic, alterative, diuretic, aphrodisiac and lowers blood sugar (root); increases nerve strength (plant).

Stimulant and cardiotonic (plant); antitussive, diuretic, diaphoretic, febrifuge, hypertensive, nervine, tonic and vasoconstrictor (stem)

Antirheumatic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, emmenagogue, nervine, purgative and resolvent (flowers and stems); aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, stomachic and tonic (seeds); analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, cardiotonic, cardiotoxic, deobstruent, depurative, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, myotonic, peristaltic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (tea made from flowers).

Anodyne, carminative, diuretic, nervine and vermifuge (leaves); diuretic and anthelmintic (whole plant).

Anodyne, antibacterial, antiviral, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, nervine and vermifuge (leaves and stems); restorative (root)

Anthelmintic, antispasmodic, carminative, contraceptive, diaphoretic, expectorant, nervine.

Antispasmodic, aperitif, emmenagogue, mucostimulant, narcotic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, tonic, tranquilizer, uterotonic and vermifuge (root)

Analgesic, anticholinesterase, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antidote, bronchodilator, CNS depressant, diaphoretic, hypotensive, mydriatic, nervine, respirasedative, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (root).

Nervine tonic, brain tonic, demulcent, anti-acidic, expectorant, antipyretic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, carminative and cardiac tonic.

Carminative, rubefacient, stimulant (leaves or flowering stems); stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue (oil); relaxant, stimulant, diffusive (plant); abortifacient, allergenic, analgesic, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, decongestant, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine.

Slows down aging of the skin, hypnotic, sedative, decreases libido of males and stimulates the secretion of gastric juices. Aromatic and bitter with sedative, soporific, tonic, anodyne, diuretic, anaphrodisiac, antiseptic, hypnotic, nervine, stomachic and vermifuge

Discutient and vulnerary (leaves); alterative, antibacterial, carminative, cholagogue, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, nervine, stomachic, tonic and vulnerary (flowers); discutient, resolvent and vulnerary (roots)

Lowers blood pressure, sedative and diuretic. Antihalitosis, powerfully antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, cholagogue, diuretic, nervine, sedative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (oil)

Mild diuretic, cardiotonic and sedative; tonic, antispasmodic, diuretic, analgesic and emmenagogue. Antispasmodic, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, nervine, sedative, stomachic, tonic and uterine stimulant (leaves)

Analgesic, antibacterial, emmenagogue, haemostatic, nervine, oxytocic, sedative and vasodilator (root)

Anti-spasm, anti-fever, soothing, stomachic and nervine (plant)

Antibiotic, antimicrobial, anti-neurasthenic, antispasmodic, diuretic, nervine, poison, sedative

Anabolic, androgenic, analgesic (pain-reliever), anti-inflammatory, anti-Parkinson's, antispasmodic, antivenin, aphrodisiac, febrifuge, hormonal, hypocholesterolemic (lowers cholesterol), hypoglycemic, immunomodulator, nervine (balances/calms nerves), anti-neurasthenic.

Antispasmodic, antiarrhythmic and lowers blood pressure (essential oil); stimulant (root); tranquillizing (in monkeys and mice) carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative, nervine, sedative, stomachic.

Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine and tonic (root)