Diuretic (stem)

Stimulant, rubifacient, bitter, tonic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, stimulates cardiovascular system and alleviates spasms (seed).

Alterative, deobstruent, discutient, diuretic, expectorant and vulnerary (roots).

Alterative, anaesthetic, deobstruent, discutient, diuretic, expectorant, vulnerary (roots); analgesic, local anesthetic and antispasmodic (decoction of roots).

Alterative, antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic; antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antitussive and expectorant (fruit and capsule); anodyne and anti-inflammatory (root)

Antirheumatic and diuretic (roots).

Tonic, stimulant, emetic, emmenagogue, abortifacient, stimulant, diuretic, anticancer, insecticidal and contraceptive (plant).

Lactagogue (decoction of stem); a circulatory stimulant (inner bark of the stem); diuretic and febrifuge (stem and shoots).

Diuretic (flowers); anodyne, antiphlogistic and carminative (whole plant)

Antitussive, diuretic, emmenagogue, pectoral, vermifuge and vulnerary (roots).

Antidote, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, bitter tonic, diaphoretic, diuretic and stimulant (root).

Antidote, anti-inflammatory, bitter tonic, diaphoretic, diuretic and stimulant (root);

Stimulant, rubefacient (plant); antiseptic, aperient, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient and stimulant (roots)

Antibacterial and antifungal (essential leaf oil); analgesic, anthelmintic, antifertility, antiseptic, antispasmodic, stimulant, carminative, promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, deobstruent (of bowel), diuretic, reduces fever, narcotic.

Antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antiviral, cholagogue, diuretic, febrifuge and vasodilator (leaves, young shoot)

Antiscorbutic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypnotic and stomachic (leaves)

Anticholesterolemic, antipyretic, antiseptic, cholagogue, diuretic and vasodilator (plant)

Anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, expectorant, nervine, purgative, stimulant, slightly tonic (plant); appetizer, diuretic, haemostatic and stomachic (leaves); antirheumatic, antispasmodic, and stomachic (stem)

Diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, strongly purgative and vermifuge (root)

Sudorific, diuretic and anti-lactant (rhizome); antigalactagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, hypertensive, hypotensive, and sudorific (root infusion).