Anthelmintic, antiseptic, astringent, expectorant, laxative, lithotriptic, rejuvenative, tonic.

Antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue (tea made from the leaves)

Anthelmintic, antifungal, antiseptic, diaphoretic and tonic (plant); vermifuge (dried leaves).

Alterative, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, tonic and vulnerary.

Antiseptic, diuretic, ecbolic, emmenagogue and parasiticide

Antiviral, diuretic, abortifacient (plant); Alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue (recently dried leafy young twigs); antiseptic, expectorant and rubefacient (leaf esssential oil)

Alleviates spasms, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, expectorant, carminative, anthelmintic, stimulant and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); vermifuge (seeds); Blood purifier, digestive and appetizer (Leaf juice)

Anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, antimastitis, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative, tonic (plant); vermifuge (seeds)

Expectorant, dissolves mucous, diuretic, antibiotic, sedative and anthelmintic (flower and leaf); antiseptic, stimulant and alleviates spasms (especially to the bronchial tubes and digestive organs) (essential oil); antibacterial (leaf and stem); antiseptic, anthelmintic, expectorant, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue and sediative (plant); anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative and tonic (flowering tops)

Diuretic and carminative (root); lowers blood pressure, depresses heart activity and antifungal (essential oil); carminative (fruit and root); stimulant and alleviates spasms (fruit); antispasmodic, stimulant, tonic and carminative (plant); strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant and tonic (seed oil).

Antiseptic, insecticide and parasiticide (leaf juice).

Antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, expectorant, tonic, uterine tonic (root); antispasmodic, emetic, emmenagogue.

Kills bacteria, antifungal, antiseptic, aperient, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative and stimulant (leaves); antibiotic (plant)

Analgesic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, carminative, CNS Stimulant, contraceptive, diuretic, hallucinogen, narcotic and psychomimetic (seeds)

Antiseptic (leaves); aphrodisiac (root).

Laxative, antiseptic, astringent, diuretic and hemostatic; astringent, tonic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic (leaves)

Antiseptic, astringent, carminative, hypnotic and hypoglycaemic

Antiseptic, astringent, diuretic, refrigerant (leaves).

Expectorant, soothing and healing (all acting together), kills bacteria, antiinflammatory and mildly antispasmodic and diuretic; anodyne, antiseptic, astringent, demulcent, emollient, expectorant and vulnerary (flowers and leaves);

Anodyne, cathartic, emetic, hepatic, laxative and tonic (root); antiseptic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, hepatotonic.