Bitter, anthelmintic, stomachic and antiscorbutic (roots); astringent and antiscorbutic (ripe fruits); constipating, anaphrodisiac, appetizer and antipyretic (unripe fruits)

Stomachic and antidiarrhoeal (leaves); febrifuge (infusion of leaves).

Purgative, stomachic, aphrodisiac, abortifacient and vermifuge (roots); purgative and abortifacient (stem bark); tonic (seed)

Stomachic (roots)

Antitumor and depresses the central nervous system. Bitter, acidic, sedative, as stomachic, tranquilizer and as tonic (root)

Anthelminthic and stomachic (leaves)

Alleviates spasms (fruit); astringent, lenitive and stomachic (leaves and fruits).

Appetizer, aromatic, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emetic, weakly febrifuge, hepatic, stomachic and tonic (herb)

Spermicidal and antiviral (50% EtOH seed extract), antimicrobial (Sharma), anthelmintic, febrifuge, tonic, stomachic and diuretic.

Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vasodilator (flower infuison)

Analgesic, antiasthmatic, carminative, stomachic and vermifuge (whole plant); carminative (leaves).

Laxative (plant and bark); stimulates secretion of gastric juices and insecticidal (flower); purgative (bark); aromatic, bitter and stomachic (flowers)

Stomachic and carminative (bark infusion)

Laxative (fruit); antifungal (essential oil); stimulant (flower); aromatic stimulant (peel); stomachic and antiscorbutic (leaves, peel and flowers); emmenagogue (peel decoction).

Carminative and stomachic and stimulates the secretion of gastric juices (peel); antibacterial and reduces fever (juice); rubefacient and stimulant (oil); repels insects (peel).

Stomachic

Antiemetic, aphrodisiac, astringent, laxative and tonic (fruit); analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, antitussive, carminative, expectorant, stomachic (pericarp); carminative and expectorant (endocarp); analgesic and carminative (seed)

Used as an antipyretic, antiflatulent and stomachic (decoction of roots)

Stomachic, coolant, and anthelmintic (ripe fruit); antiinflammatory (plant)

Stimulates the flow of gastric juices and bile and antimicrobial. Astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, strongly emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (whole plant)