Astringent, antibacterial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, tonic, antiviral and wound healer (plant); a mild laxative and diuretic (sap).

Antibacterial, anticancer, antiseptic, antiviral, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, stimulant.

Astringent, laxative, tonic, cooling and diuretic (tubers)

Diuretic and astringent (tuber); antimicrobial (rhizome)

Diuretic (leaf); alleviates spasms, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic (pain-reliever), antispasmodic, anticancerous (plant); anti-diabetes mellitus (leaf and stem)

Anticholinergic, antispasmodic, bitter, cerebrosedative, diuretic, hypnotic, intoxicant, mydriatic, myorelaxant, narcotic, parasympatholytic, positive chronotropic, positive dromotropic, sedative and toxic (dried root)

Antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, antiphlogistic, cardiac, diuretic, febrifuge, haemolytic, hypoglycaemic, restorative, sialogogue, tonic and vasodilator (root)

Alterative, analgesic, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, narcotic, sedative, vermifuge and vulnerary.

Inhibit HIV infection in human T lymphocyte cells and mononuclear phagocytic lineage cells; anodyne, antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, laxative, nervine, mildly sedative, stomachic and tonic (roots)

Antiviral, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, antipyretic, antiallergic

Diuretic, cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory (leaves and fruits).

Abortifacient, astringent, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, laxative, rubefacient, vermifuge and vulnerary (plant)

Astringent, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue and expectorant (plant); coolant and astringent (juice of the plant).

Dysmenorrhoea and amenorrhoea and also as a diaphoretic, tonic, anthelmintic, antiscorbutic, diuretic, emmenagogue and purgative (plant)

Cathartic, diuretic and vermifuge (leaves and seedpods); cardiac and febrifuge (roots)

Digestive, diuretic, irritant, respiratory, sedative, stimulant, enhances male sex hormones, tones bladder.

Emollient, diuretic, lactagogue, aphrodisiac, analgesic.

Aleviates spasms, depresses the central nervous system, diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part); hemolytic (flower); alexeteric, laxative, and intellectually stimulating (fruits); alexeteric, anthelmintic (leaves)

Appetizer, astringent, digestive, diuretic, emollient, refrigerant and stomachic.

Aphrodisiac (seed); alleviates spasms, contraceptive, diuretic, antiprotozoal and cholinergic (plant); reduces fever (root).