Initial depressant followed by stimulant effect, antiphlogistic, virulent poison (in high doses), alterative, anaesthetic, antiarthritic, deobstruent, sedative, anodyne, diuretic, diaphoretic.

Antispasmodic, astringent, bitter, cardiac depressant, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, rubefacient and vermifuge (root and stem bark); emmenagogue, bechic, deobstruent and ophthalmic (fruit); astringent (leaves); as a wash for parasitic ulcers, itch, and eruptions (leaves, bark of the trunk, and roots)

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

The root is analgesic, antiarthritic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, CNS Depressant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic,emetic, immunostimulant, laxative, myorelaxant and sedative. The whole plant is analgesic, antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, blood purifier, disinfectant, diuretic, laxative, stomachic and vulnerary.

Antibacterial, antifeedant, antileishmanic, antimalarial, aphrodisiac, bradycardic, bronchospasmogenic, cardiovascular, convulsant, CNS Stimulant, cytotoxic, desmutagenic, emetic, euphoric, hallucinogen, hyperkinetic, laxative, phototoxic, protisticide, psychotropic, respiradepressant, spinodepressant, telepathic, tremorigenic, uteroactive, vermifuge (Ayahuasca)

Depressant, astringent, anthelmintic and hypothermic (stem bark); agglutinant of blood (seed).

Anti-depressant, laxative, antibilious, aperient, appetizer, cathartic, cholagogue, detergent, tonic, vermifuge (herb).

Abortifacient, analgesic, anesthetic, anthelminthic, antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiseptic, cardiodepressant, cardiotonic, gastrostimulant, hypotensive, oxytocic, stimulant, teratogenic, tonic, uterotonic.

Allergenic, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, aphrodisiac, cardiotoxic, coronary-Dilator, hypertensive, myocardiodepressant, neurotoxic, peristaltic, respirastimulant, stimulant.

Antidepressant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, aphrodisiac, calmative, stimulant (immune system), tonic (uterine).

Analgesic, anticholinesterase, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antidote, bronchodilator, CNS depressant, diaphoretic, hypotensive, mydriatic, nervine, respirasedative, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (root).

Sedative, antiinflammatory, antibacterial (against gram-positive types), antiviral, antioxidant, vasodilating, antidepressant, diuretic and cardiotonic, stimulates the immune system, inhibits tumors; inhibits the breakdown of CNS neurotransmitters.

Analgesic, febrifuge (leaves); aphrodisiac, antiseptic, antispasmodic, galactogogue and tonic (flowers); anti-depressant, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, anti-spasmodic, cicatrisant, expectorant, galactagogue, parturient, sedative and uterine (oil).

Antibacterial, immunomodulator (selectively changes some immune functions), central nervous system depressant, analgesic (pain-reliever), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory.

Aphrodisiac, antidepressant and emmenagogue (roots)

Diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (seed); antibacterial, anticancer, antidepressant, antipyretic, cardioprotective, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, estrogenic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, resolvent, mutagenic.

Carminative, stimulant, antibacterial and inhibits tumor growth (leaf); anthelmintic, respiratory and cardiac depressant, alleviates spasms and antiseptic (essential oil); contraceptive (root); aphrodisiac and astringent.

Antiexudative, antiinflammatory, cardiodepressant, depurative, detergent, expectorant, hemolytic, hepatotoxic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulant, laxative, lipolytic, respiradepressant, spermicide and sternutator (bark).

Antidepressant, antidiarrheic, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, carminative, cerebrotonic, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant,emmenagogue, hepatotonic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, tranquilizer, tonic and vulnerary.

Analgesic, antiallergic, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antithromboxane, antitumor, carminative, diuretic, hypotensive, immunodepressant, laxative, myorelaxant.