Anodyne, antidote, demulcent, expectorant and refrigerant (leaves); antiphlogistic, depurative, febrifuge, pulmonary and stimulant (flowers).

Antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antimicrbial, antiphlogistic, antiviral, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic, laxative and ophthalmic (whole plant); antidote and astringent (leaf juice)

Anticholesterolemic, antidote (to most forms of poison), antivinous, carminative and hypoglycaemic (plant); antivinous, alexiteric and carminative (flowers); anthelmintic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, digestive, febrifuge and stomachic (dried and roasted seeds).

Antibiotic, antidote, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, lithontripic, odontalgic, poultice, purgative, vermifuge.

Anthelmintic and kills sperm (tuber); as an astringent and antidote, reduces fever and astringent (root).

Antidote, arsenic, antidote, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, hemostatic, toxic and vermifuge.

Sedative, antibacterial, antidote, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, stomachic, tonic, hypothermic, alleviates spasms, antiasthmatic, abortifacient and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); stimulating the intestinal tract (essential oil); carminative, antiinflammatory and diaphoretic (seed, stem and leaf); antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed)

Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root).

Narcotic and lowers blood pressure (plant); antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antidote, antifungal, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and vermifuge (root)

Used as a febrifuge and in large amounts as a general antidote (bark).

Antidote, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, cathartic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, secretagogue, secretolytic, sialagogue, stimulant and tonic (root); abortifacient (bark infusion)

Antidote, anti-inflammatory, antiphlogistic, antipyretic and depurative (stem, leaves); antidote and febrifuge (fruit); anti-inflammatory (plant)

Sedative, antibacterial, abortifacient, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms, stimulant and diuretic (plant); antirheumatic, antihysteric and analgesic (leaf); antiepileptic, rubefacient and anthelmintic (volatile oil); antidote, antispasmodic, carminative, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, haemostatic, homeopathy, ophthalmic, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.

Antidote (fruits), antibacterial (plant), abortifacient (bark)

Analgesic, anaesthetic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antidote, candidicide, digestive, diuretic, febrifuge, fungicide, hypotensive, myorelaxant, nematicide, narcotic, sedative, hallucinogenic, stimulant and pediculicide (leaves and whole plant)

Alterative, analgesic, antiaggregant, antiedemic, antiexudative, antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antispasmodic, antitumor, astringent, carcinogenic, carminative, collyrium, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, fumitory, hemostatic , hepatotoxic, hypotensive, immunostimulant, insecticide, lactagogue, laxativ, lymphotonic, myorelaxant, nervine, antidote, proteolytic, sedative, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary (plant);

As an antidote against snake bites and scorpion stings (bark of stem and roots).