Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

Antiinflammatory and antiseptic (salted fruit); antipyretic, antiseptic, emetic, ophthalmic; analgesic, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, sedative and vulnerary (seed)

Astringent, bitter and febrifuge (bark); analgesic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, astringent, diuretic, hematonic, pectoral, sedative, tonic (berry)

Analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, antitussive, aperient, emollient and haemolytic (seeds)

Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, astringent and sedative (root)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, diaphoretic, rubefacient (plant); sedative (plant sap)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, rubefacient (whole plant)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and emmenagogue and rubefacient (whole plant); antirheumatic (leaves, root)

Analgesic, anaesthetic and sedative (flowers)

Antifungal, anodyne, emmenagogue (flower); anticancer (fruit)

Alterative, anodyne, antiphlogistic, antitussive, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, styptic, tonic, vulnerary, hypoglycemic (EtOH extract of aerial part); cleanses the bowel, antiseptic and astringent (root).

Anodyne, astringent and depurative (leaves and roots); expectorant (decoction of roots); demulcent (syrup of fruit).

Hypothermic, analgesic and depresses the central nervous system (plant); laxative (root).

Sedative, antibacterial, abortifacient, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms, stimulant and diuretic (plant); antirheumatic, antihysteric and analgesic (leaf); antiepileptic, rubefacient and anthelmintic (volatile oil); antidote, antispasmodic, carminative, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, haemostatic, homeopathy, ophthalmic, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.

Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antiseptic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, hypnotic, sedative and tonic (bark)

As an anodyne and febrifuge (bark); aphrodisiac, cordial and stimulant (flowers)

Inhibit reverse transcriptase, adjuvant, alterative, analgesic, anthelmintic, anticonvulsive, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antihemorrhagic, aphrodisiac, blood cleanser, carminative, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat and laxative.

Astringent, refrigerant, styptic and tonic (leaves); anodyne, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, haemostatic, tonic and vulnerary (root)

Anodyne, astringent, diuretic, febrifuge, haemostatic, tonic and vulnerary (root)

Analgesic and diaphoretic (root)