Astringent, antibacterial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, tonic, antiviral and wound healer (plant); a mild laxative and diuretic (sap).

Astringent, laxative, tonic, cooling and diuretic (tubers)

Alterative, analgesic, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, narcotic, sedative, vermifuge and vulnerary.

Inhibit HIV infection in human T lymphocyte cells and mononuclear phagocytic lineage cells; anodyne, antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, laxative, nervine, mildly sedative, stomachic and tonic (roots)

Counteracts hyperactivity due to amphetamines and alleviates spasms (aerial part); laxative (leaf); astringent and purgative (root)

Abortifacient, astringent, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hypotensive, laxative, rubefacient, vermifuge and vulnerary (plant)

Anthelminthic and laxative (leaves and root)

Anthelminthic (root); laxative (heartwood)

Aleviates spasms, depresses the central nervous system, diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part); hemolytic (flower); alexeteric, laxative, and intellectually stimulating (fruits); alexeteric, anthelmintic (leaves)

As renal tonic, stomachic and cardiotonic (leaf sap); anodyne, alterative (for blood pressure), laxative, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, sialagogic and anthelmintic (whole plant).

Antihemorrhagic, pungent, demulcent, antispasmodic and antihepatotoxic (seed); sudorific, aperient, diaphoretic and gentle laxative (leaf); astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (plant)

Antirheumatic, antibilious, laxative, diuretic, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous system.

Antiemetic, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac tonic, carminative, cordial, resolvent (root); anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular system (plant); expectorant and carminative (root and plant); toxic, laxative and digestive (fruits).

Galactogogue (plant); febrifuge (leaf and root); laxative (gum); vermifuge (roots); hydrogogue and cathartic (stem juice)

Diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, tonic and antifertility (plant); laxative (leaves); styptic (flowers and pods); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, haemostatic and hypotensive (flower and flower buds); abortifacient (seedpods); emetic and haemostatic (seeds).

Carminative and laxative (plant); alexeteric, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiviral, aperitif, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, hypoglycemic, immunostimulant, laxative, litholytic, vermifuge (leaves); laxative and cooling (seeds)

Antiinflammatory, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary (plant)

Analgesic, antiallergic, antiasthmatic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, antithromboxane, antitumor, carminative, diuretic, hypotensive, immunodepressant, laxative, myorelaxant.

Laxative (root) and alleviates spasms (leaf)

In the mouth it acts as a bitter, increasing appetite; it stimulates peristalsis, in chronic constipation due to atony of the bowel it is often combined with cascara and other laxatives with good effects; stimulant (seed); alleviates spasms (fruit and leaf) and relaxes muscles (root bark).