Cytotoxic and anthelmintic (seed); antiestrogenic (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part); Abortifacient (seed and root), anodyne, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat, laxative, purgative, refrigerant, sedative, vermifuge, anti-fertility activity (Prakash & Mathur, 1976), antitumour activity

Laxative and expectorant (seeds); demulcent (leaves); antipyretic (roots); demulcent and diuretic (infusion leaves or roots); astringent and diuretic (bark).

Demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, pulmonary and sedative (leaves); Astringent and diuretic (bark); Laxative, expectorant and demulcent (seeds); laxative and tonic, promoting the libido and relieving feverishness and producing a felling of coolness, antiinflammatory and anthelmintic (plant); analgesic (fixed oil).

Febrifuge for cough (bark infusion)

Alleviates spasms and antiviral (stem); antiinflammatory and hypoglycemic (wood); astringent (bark and heartwood); hypothermic. anthelmintic and antiseptic.

Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Febrifuge, detoxifies, vulnerary

Antipyretic (leaves)

Hypotensive, hypertensive (aqueous root extract), anthelmintic, antipyretic, aphordisiac, astringent, carminative, antiinflammatory, antiperiodic, cholagogue, febrifuge, tonic.

Antidote, antiinflammatory and febrifuge.

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Analgesic, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antiviral, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, tonic (root)

Analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, tonic (root)

Diuretic, febrifuge and sedative (fruits, stems and roots)

Used as expectorant and astringent and has antihistaminic properties (leaves); as a febrifuge, anti-dysenteric, antimycotic, antiviral and antimicrobial (fruits)

Diuretic, expectorant (plant); antidandruff, antitussive, astringent, demulcent, depurative, emetic, weakly emmenagogue, emollient, weakly expectorant, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, pectoral, refrigerant, stimulant, sudorific and tonic (fresh or dried leafy fronds)

Antirheumatic, astringent, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, pectoral and tonic (whole plant)

Antiseptic and reduces fever (bark); astringent (root); antibacterial (plant); febrifuge.

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).