Abortifacient and anti-implantation (root extract; phytotoxic and antifungal activity (seed oil).

Cytotoxic and anthelmintic (seed); antiestrogenic (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part); Abortifacient (seed and root), anodyne, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat, laxative, purgative, refrigerant, sedative, vermifuge, anti-fertility activity (Prakash & Mathur, 1976), antitumour activity

Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Chewed as abortifacient (bark)

Abortifacient (root); alleviates spasms (seed and EtOH aerial part extract); diuretic and on respiration (EtOH aerial part extract); toxic to fish (bark).

Aphrodisiac and abortifacient (root); purgative (leaves)

Vermifuge (bark); abortifacient (leaves)

Anti-cancerous, emmenagogue, emollient, laxative, purgative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary, abortifacient. antiseptic. promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, decoagulant, antibacterial, demulcent, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, ecbolic, insecticidal, anthlemintic (antitubercular), oxytocic and reduces fever.

Abortifacient (decoction of the plant); bitter tonic and astringent (bark)

Laxative and abortifacient (fruit juice); antiscorbutic and stimulates the flow of bile, emmenagogue (leaf); alleviates spasms (plant); antifertility (unripe fruit); antiinflammatory, diuretic.

Antihalitosis, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic, aromatic carminative, reduces fever and anthelmintic (fruit); abortifacient (in rats) (seed extract); hypoglycemic, alleviates spasms (50% EtOH extract from fruit).

As stomachic, febrifuge, expectorant, tonic, and emmenagogue or abortifacient (decoction or infusion of the stem); antiseptic (decoction of the wood)

Abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, oxytocic and stimulant (herb)

Tonic, stimulant, emetic, emmenagogue, abortifacient, stimulant, diuretic, anticancer, insecticidal and contraceptive (plant).

Carminative, emmenagogue and febrifuge (whole plant); a violent abortive (roots)

Antiphlogistic, demulcent, diuretic, febrifuge, haemostatic and vulnerary (plant); astringent and resolvent (leaves); antiabortifacient, antibacterial, cooling, demulcent, diuretic, resolvent and uterosedative (root)

Diuretic, stomachic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, expectorant and, in higher doses, as an emetic and purgative (root); aphrodisiac (root decoction); emetic, diuretic and laxative (decoctions of the roots and leaves); as a mild laxative and febrifuge (infusion of whole plant); abortifacient and ecbolic (infusion of leaves)

Astringent, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, ecbolic and antiseptic properties.

Abortifacient, alterative, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypertensive, laxative, narcotic.

Antibacterial (essential oil); abortifacient (flower); inhibitory activity against cyclo-oxygenase; abortifacient (plant)