Acts as diuretic (aerial parts); depurative, antirheumatic and antisyphilitic (roots); diuretic and cathartic (decoction of whole plant).

Antiviral, as an anti-pyretic, stomachic (plant); diuretic (dried flowers); alterative, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge (stem and flower buds)

Emetic and purgative (seeds); demulcent, diuretic, bitter-tonic and nutritive (fruit); abortifacient, antipyretic, expectorant, hypoglycemic, laxative, tonic and vermifuge.

Fungitoxic, bitter, emetic, cathartic and anticancer (seed); diuretic and lactagogue (fruit).

Antibacterial, astringent, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive, tonic.

Diuretic, emmenagogue, carminative, hypoglycaemic, vermifuge, deobstruent and pectoral (seeds).

Antibacterial, diuretic and purgative (root bark); anticancer (plant)

Analgesic, antirheumatic, carminative, mildly diuretic, stomachic and tonic (plant decoction); antipruritic, decongestant, diuretic and stomachic (spores)

Sedative, thyrotropic, cardioactive diuretic, peripheral vasoconstrictor, antitussive, antihaemorrhagic; astringent, hypoglycaemic, mild narcotic and mild sedative (whole plant).

Antiphlogistic, cholagogue, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and lithontripic (whole plant)

Astringent, diuretic and tonic (seeds)

Diuretic and purgative (decoction of bark)

Emmenagogue (flowers); antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive, stomachic and tonic (stem bark); bactericidal, digestive and stomachic (plant)

Stimulant, expectorant, tonic, increases the flow and/or secretion of milk, antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, stomachic and mildly tonic (plant); antimicrobial (essential oil); astringent (leaves and seeds); stimulant, sudorific, emmenagogue and galactagogue (plant infusion)

Anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antioxidant and astringent (fruits)

All parts of the plant are antiphlogistic, astringent, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, laxative, salve, antiseptic and hypothermic.

Astringent (bark and flower); restores and invigorates mucous membranes (bark); Diuretic, antiinflammatory, cardiotonic, promotes the formation and/or secretion of bile and antibacterial (against gram-positive strains).

Antiseptic, aperient, cyanogenic, demulcent, diuretic, hemostat (tuber)

Febrifuge (tea of bark); diuretic (crushed seeds); sedative and soporific (fluid extract of the crushed seeds).

Antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, strongly expectorant, hepatic, stimulant and tonic (leaves and young flowering stems)