Diuretic, stomachic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, laxative, anthelmintic, febrifuge, expectorant and, in higher doses, as an emetic and purgative (root); aphrodisiac (root decoction); emetic, diuretic and laxative (decoctions of the roots and leaves); as a mild laxative and febrifuge (infusion of whole plant); abortifacient and ecbolic (infusion of leaves)

Antiseptic, antiinflammatory, diuretic, febrifugal, nervine, laxative, demulcent, emollient and diaphoretic (herb)

Cooling, diuretic, stimulant, antiphlegmatic, laxative (sap); cooling, restorative, diuretic and anthelmintic (root)

Astringent, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, ecbolic and antiseptic properties.

Diuretic

Emollient, diuretic and anticatarrhal (root); dissolves gall stones (seed oil).

Diuretic, emetic, rubefacient and stimulant (seed); antiseptic (mustard flour)

Antidiabetic, cardiotonic, stomachic, antifungal, antiulcerative, antiasthmatic and alleviates symptoms of rheumatism (leaf); increaseses secretion of gastric juices (leaf and seed); antihelmintic, diuretic, laxative and stomachic (seeds).

Abortifacient, alterative, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypertensive, laxative, narcotic.

Antifertility (flower and seed); anthelmintic and laxative (seed); astringent (gum); stops secretions and hemostatic, bitter, pungent, emmenagogue, alliterative,tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac.

Anthelmintic and antiascarid, diuretic (root); emollient and febrifuge (seed); anthelmintic (leaves and bark)

Emetic (decoction from the crushed seeds); diuretic (roots); uterine tonic (powdered leaves).

Hypoglycemic (seed) and mouth antiseptic (leaf decoction); diuretic (seeds)

Carminative, aromatic, bitter, tonic (bark); diuretic (aerial part).

As diuretic (seed); aromatic and stomachic (oil)

Antiseptic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, mildly sedative and vasoconstrictor (flowering shoot)

Antiinflammatory (leaf and root); stimulates the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, spermicidal, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant and rubefacient (plant); diaphoretic, emetic and expectorant(root).

Cardiotonic, diuretic, expectorant, stimulant and astringent (leaves).

Blood tonic, carminative, depurative diuretic and febrifuge (flowers and whole plant)

Induces low hemagglutinin activity (plant); diuretic (50% EtOH aerial part extract).