Antiinflammatory, disinfectant, odontalgic, stomachic, vulnerary

Cytotoxic and anthelmintic (seed); antiestrogenic (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part); Abortifacient (seed and root), anodyne, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat, laxative, purgative, refrigerant, sedative, vermifuge, anti-fertility activity (Prakash & Mathur, 1976), antitumour activity

Expectorant and induces nausea (root); antibacterial (plant); diuretic and laxative; Cathartic, anthelmintic, emetic, anodyne and hypnotic, antimicrobial activity (extract of dried leaves).

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Used as expectorant and astringent and has antihistaminic properties (leaves); as a febrifuge, anti-dysenteric, antimycotic, antiviral and antimicrobial (fruits)

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).

Purgative, disinfectant and anthelminthic (plant juice)

Stimulant, carminative, diuretic and antimicrobial (rhizome); against pathogenic fungi that cause skin diseases.

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

The root is analgesic, antiarthritic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, CNS Depressant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic,emetic, immunostimulant, laxative, myorelaxant and sedative. The whole plant is analgesic, antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, blood purifier, disinfectant, diuretic, laxative, stomachic and vulnerary.

Antimicrobial and anthelmintic (bark, leaves and roots); bactericidal and fungicidal (seeds)

Laxative, aphrodisiac, digestive, astringent, diuretic, stimulant, cardiotonic, emmenagogue, antimicrobial and anthelmintic; freshens breath and strengthens gums (paste).

Antilithic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stomachic, antiseptic, tonic, larvicidal. insecticidal. antimicrobial and antifungal (essential plant oil); purifies blood (flower and stem); anthelmintic (flower and leaf decoction).

Antimicrobial (plant); antiseptic and anthelmintic(leaves and flowering stems); tonic, deobstruent, febrifuge and anthelmintic (plant)

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, digestive, disinfectant, febrifuge, ophthalmic, poultice and sedative (plant)

As astringent and purgative (roots); antimicrobial (bark and stem extract)

Demulcent, diaphoretic, galactogogue, stimulant, aphrodisiac (root bark powder); antimicrobial (root).

Astingent and disinfectant (Bark)

Diuretic, disinfectant, odontalgic and stimulant tonic (plant)

Antimicrobial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic (leaves); antioxidant, hepatoprotective, insect repellant, diuretic, hypocholesterolemic (seeds).