Antiseptic (infusion of the dried powdered herb); astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant (leaves); diuretic (essential oil); aperient, astringent and tonic (flowers)

Alleviates spasms, counteracts hyperactivity due to amphetamines, depresses the cardiovascular system, spermicidal, analgesic, diuretic, lithontriptic, vulnerary, sudorific and carminative (plant); diaphoretic (flower); carminative (flower and plant); anticoagulant, astringent and carminative (seed)

Antipruritic, antipyretic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic and diuretic (whole plant)

Expectorant and antispasmodic (plant); antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant and slightly narcotic (root)

Anthelmintic, antispasmodic, aromatic, diaphoretic, diuretic, purgative and stomachic (whole plant)

Abortifacient, vermifuge (essential flower and leaf oil); tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue, diaphoretic and insect-repellent (decoction of dried leaves and flowertops)

All parts of the plant, except the fleshy fruit, are antispasmodic, cardiotonic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, narcotic and purgative; cardiotonic and abortifacient (leaf); anticancer (bark); “hypothesmic activity” (aerial part); antispasmodic and sedative (fruit and leaf); narcotic and toxic (leaf. young aerial part and shoot)

Abortifacient, analgesic, antirheumatic, antitumor, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge and pectoral (plant)

Anthelmintic, diaphoretic, diuretic, pectoral and tonic (root)

Antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue (tea made from the leaves)

Anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, aperient, aromatic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (whole plant).

Anthelmintic, antifungal, antiseptic, diaphoretic and tonic (plant); vermifuge (dried leaves).

Alterative, antipyretic, antiscorbutic, antiseptic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, tonic and vulnerary.

Antiviral, diuretic, abortifacient (plant); Alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic and emmenagogue (recently dried leafy young twigs); antiseptic, expectorant and rubefacient (leaf esssential oil)

Anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, antimastitis, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative, tonic (plant); vermifuge (seeds)

Expectorant, dissolves mucous, diuretic, antibiotic, sedative and anthelmintic (flower and leaf); antiseptic, stimulant and alleviates spasms (especially to the bronchial tubes and digestive organs) (essential oil); antibacterial (leaf and stem); antiseptic, anthelmintic, expectorant, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue and sediative (plant); anthelmintic, strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, deodorant, diaphoretic, disinfectant, expectorant, sedative and tonic (flowering tops)

Antispasmodic, diaphoretic, expectorant, hypotensive, laxative and sedative (flowers)

Diuretic and carminative (root); lowers blood pressure, depresses heart activity and antifungal (essential oil); carminative (fruit and root); stimulant and alleviates spasms (fruit); antispasmodic, stimulant, tonic and carminative (plant); strongly antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, bitter, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, expectorant and tonic (seed oil).

Antileprotic and diaphoretic (root); diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part).

Demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (leaves)