Emollient, sudorific or antiscorbutic (leaves)

Fungitoxic against Helminthosporium oryzae (seed extract); inhibits growth of cancerous cells (seed); diuretic, demulcent and emollient (fruit capsule); as dietary protein sources (seed); gastroprotective.

Laxative and expectorant (seeds); demulcent (leaves); antipyretic (roots); demulcent and diuretic (infusion leaves or roots); astringent and diuretic (bark).

Demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, pulmonary and sedative (leaves); Astringent and diuretic (bark); Laxative, expectorant and demulcent (seeds); laxative and tonic, promoting the libido and relieving feverishness and producing a felling of coolness, antiinflammatory and anthelmintic (plant); analgesic (fixed oil).

Demulcent (leaves); diuretic, emollient, laxative and stomachic (seed)

Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Antifungal, alleviates spasms, analgesic and lowers blood sugar (stem bark); hemostatic (leaf and bark); expectorant (pod); astringent, demulcent, aphrodisiac and nutritive. Gum extract (Akakia) is styptic, tonic and astringent.

Stimulates the cardiovascular system, antiinflammatory and alleviates spasms (stem bark); emollient, antitussive and demulcent (gum); aphrodisiac, anti-diarrheic, anti-dysenteric, anti-Plaque, anti-gingivitic.

As an emollient, laxative and diuretic (decoction of leaves and flowers); expectorant (bark)

Emollient (seed oil)

As an emollient (leaves)

Astringent, detergent, emollient and vulnerary (leaves and roots)

Diuretic, expectorant (plant); antidandruff, antitussive, astringent, demulcent, depurative, emetic, weakly emmenagogue, emollient, weakly expectorant, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, pectoral, refrigerant, stimulant, sudorific and tonic (fresh or dried leafy fronds)

Antirheumatic, astringent, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, pectoral and tonic (whole plant)

Insecticide, antiinflammatory, diurectic, demulcent and anticalculus (plant)

Kills bacteria, diuretic and stimulates and regulates metabolism; diuretic, diaphoretic, demulcent, aperient and tonic (rhizome).

Astringent and demulcent (root); expectorant; cooling, emollient and diuretic (flowers); mucilaginous, demulcent, diuretic and febrifugal (seeds).

Anti-cancerous, emmenagogue, emollient, laxative, purgative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary, abortifacient. antiseptic. promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, decoagulant, antibacterial, demulcent, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, ecbolic, insecticidal, anthlemintic (antitubercular), oxytocic and reduces fever.

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

Demulcent, emmolient, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, mucilaginous.