Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Hypoglycemic (root bark); anthelmintic and antifungal (seed); antiviral, astringent, laxative, carminative, hypothermic, hemostatic and arrests secretions, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (against Salmonella and Vibrio cholera) (fruit); antibiotic activity (fruit, leaves and roots); sweet, aromatic, cooling, alterative and nutritive (ripe fruit); laxative (fresh fruit); astringent, digestive, stomachic, and constipative (unripe fruit); stimulant, antipyretic and antiscorbutic (pulp).

Antibacterial, antifungal, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, febrifuge and stomachic (leaves and stem)

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive tonic, diuretic, kidney tonic, stimulant, tonic, urinary antiseptic, uterine stimulant.

Aromatic, bitter, astringent, antiseptic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, expectorant, antileukemic, anticancer and “cytotoxic against KB test-system” (root bark); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part)

Bitter, astringent and aromatic

Aromatic, stimulant, aphrodisiac, antifungal, hepatoprotective, cardiovascular and central nervous system stimulants, diuretic, hypothermic (rhizome); antiulcer (seed).

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

Antihalitosis, aromatic, carminative, diuretic, galactogogue, stimulant, stomachic, aromatic carminative, reduces fever and anthelmintic (fruit); abortifacient (in rats) (seed extract); hypoglycemic, alleviates spasms (50% EtOH extract from fruit).

Carminative and stomachic (leaves); carminative, diaphoretic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (root); aromatic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, and emmenagogue

Hypothermic, astringent, aromatic, astringent, carminative, mosquito repellent and tonic (plant); hypothermic activity (ethanolic extract (50%) of the herb).

Aromatic, stimulant

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, contraceptive (according to the Himalaya Drug Co.. see Miscellaneous field below).

Aromatic, diaphoretic, expectorant, febrifuge and stomachic (whole plant).

Carminative, aromatic, bitter, tonic (bark); diuretic (aerial part).

As diuretic (seed); aromatic and stomachic (oil)

Antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, emmenagogue, galactogogue, stimulant, expectorant, antiemetic and relieves bad breath (seed); aids in digestion and carminative (seed and fruit); alleviates spasms (essential plant oil and alcohol fruit extract).

Appetizer, aromatic, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, digestive, emetic, weakly febrifuge, hepatic, stomachic and tonic (herb)

Laxative (plant and bark); stimulates secretion of gastric juices and insecticidal (flower); purgative (bark); aromatic, bitter and stomachic (flowers)

Astringent, aromatic, stimulant, carminative, expectorant, antiemetic, reduces nausea and lipolytic.