Carminative and diaphoretic (flower buds and the seeds); antifungal, astringent, cytotoxic, hypotensive and a uterine stimulant (flower buds); anodyne and sedative (plant)

Emmenagogue (flowers); antiseptic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, appetizer, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive, stomachic and tonic (stem bark); bactericidal, digestive and stomachic (plant)

Astringent, antirheumatic and carminative (leaf); antibacterial (essential oil); Antihypertensive, carminative, antiseptic and stimulant (plant)

Used as a local anaesthetic (aerial parts); antihypertensive (plant); analgesic and stimulant (leaves).

Antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic (leaves); antirheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral (stems); antitussive, diuretic, expectorant and hypotensive (root bark); anthelmintic and purgative (bark)

Diuretic, carminative, alleviates spasms, antiprotozoal, anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular and immune systems (seed); antiasthmatic, dilates bronchial tubes, hypotensive, insecticidal, antibacterial and in animals depresses the central nervous system.

Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine and tonic (root)

Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine and tonic (root)

Antiasthmatic, antirheumatic and laxative (bark); antihypertensive (root).

Diuretic, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (seed); antibacterial, anticancer, antidepressant, antipyretic, cardioprotective, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, estrogenic, hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, resolvent, mutagenic.

Analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, candidicide, carminative, depurative, digestive, fungicide, hypotensive, irritant, larvicide, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

Stimulant, carminative, tonic and for postpartum women (fruit); antihypertensive and relaxes muscles (plant); antifungal (stem); colic (root)

Hypotensive and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); antifungal (essential oil).

Expectorant and stimulant (plant); antibacterial, cardiotonic, cerebrotonic, expectorant, haemolytic, hypotensive, sedative and tonic (root); tonic for the kidneys (leaves).

Antirheumatic, antiseptic, hypothermic and antidiuretic (plant); mouth antiseptic (plant infusion); hypotensive, antiviral, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antispasmodic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, laxative, diuretic, emetic and sedative.

Aperient, carminative, demulcent, deobstruent, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, lenitive and ophthalmic (kernels)

Antipyretic, anticonvulsive, spasmolytic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antihypertensive (root)

Antipyretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and hypotensive (root)

Hypotensive, anthelmintic, sedative and aids in contracting the uterus (root).

Hypotensive and sedative (root); stimulates the central nervous and cardiovascular systems (plant).