Pungent, alterative, alexiteric, antidysenteric, antiulcer,antierysipelas,antiepileptic

Acrid, laxative (seed, root and its bark), diuretic (root bark), alexiteric, anthelmintic, purgative, demulcent, tonic, alleviates spasms (root).

Potentiation of amphetamine toxicity, stimulates the central nervous system, hypothermic and carminative (rhizome); fights the microorganism (Vibrio) that causes cholera and acts as a trypsin inhibitor (tuber); sweet, bitter, appetizer, alexiteric, antipyretic, aphrodisiac, laxative.

Aromatic, stimulant, alexiteric, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, diaphoretic and nervine (flowers); vermifuge (plant)

Ayurveda uses its roots as abortifacient, acrid, alexiteric, anthelmintic, antipyretic, bitter, depurative, digestive, emetic, expectorant, gastrointestinal irritant, purgative, rejuvenative, stomachic, thermogenic, tonic, in dealing debility, dyspepsia, flatulence, haemorrhoids, helminthiasis, inflammations, in promoting labour pain and expulsion of the placenta; stimulates uterine contractions (fresh plant juice and rhizome); antimalarial and laxative (tuber).

Anticholesterolemic, antidote (to most forms of poison), antivinous, carminative and hypoglycaemic (plant); antivinous, alexiteric and carminative (flowers); anthelmintic, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, digestive, febrifuge and stomachic (dried and roasted seeds).

Alexeteric, antibilious, antipyretic, demulcent, depurative, hypocholesterolemic, rubefacient, vulnerary.

Cholinergic and relaxes smooth muscles, antipyretic, analgesic, laxative and nervine tonic (plant); antiinflammatory (stem); antiimplantation (aerial part); succulent, aperient (leaves); alexiteric, antipyretic, bitter, laxative and thermogenic (root)

Aleviates spasms, depresses the central nervous system, diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part); hemolytic (flower); alexeteric, laxative, and intellectually stimulating (fruits); alexeteric, anthelmintic (leaves)

Carminative and laxative (plant); alexeteric, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiviral, aperitif, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, hypoglycemic, immunostimulant, laxative, litholytic, vermifuge (leaves); laxative and cooling (seeds)

Heart stimulant, anthelmintic, alexiteric, expectorant, cardiac, diuretic deobstruent and emmenagogue (bulb) and cyanogenetic (plant); aids in removing any obstructions to secretion or excretion (in the body) and expectorant.