Antibiotic, antimicrobial, anti-neurasthenic, antispasmodic, diuretic, nervine, poison, sedative

Astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, hypnotic, parturient and tonic (plant); sedative (tea made from berries)

Antiseptic, carminative, analgesic, antiprotozoal, lowers blood pressure, antiviral, alleviates spasms and one of the best deobstruents and purifiers of the body (bark); pectoral, sedative, stomachic and carminative (fruits)

Abortifacient, aromatic, astringent, emmenagogue and stomachic (leaves); antioxidant, antiviral, astringent, bactericide, diuretic, emetic, errhine, expectorant, fungicide, hepatoprotective, insecticide, insecticide, narcotic, sedative, sialagogue, stimulant, stomachic, toxic and vermifuge (plant)

Antispasmodic, antiarrhythmic and lowers blood pressure (essential oil); stimulant (root); tranquillizing (in monkeys and mice) carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, diuretic, emmenagogue, laxative, nervine, sedative, stomachic.

Lowers blood pressure and antiarrhythmic (oil); sedative, tonic, antispasmodic, analgesic, promotes hair growth and stimulant.

Repels insects and attracts cats (flower); antispasmodic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, slightly emmenagogue, refrigerant, sedative, slightly stimulant, stomachic and tonic (leaf and flower).

Narcotic (plant); antispasmodic, cathartic, emetic, narcotic and sedative (leaves).

Medicinally it is used as a sedative, diuretic, expectorant, discutient, and sialagogue, and internally only as an emetic, when all other emetics fail. The leaves are antispasmodic, discutient, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, irritant, narcotic, sedative and sialagogue.

Antidysenteric, astringent, aphrodisiac, a heart stimulant, useful in improving memory and narcotic (rhizome); alleviates spasms and sedative (alcohol extract of rhizome); anaphrodisiac and sedative (flowers)

Astringent, sedative (bark and leaves); anti-inflammatory, renal-protective.

Alterative, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardiotonic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and sedative (whole plant).

Antitussive, anticancer, aphrodisiac, expectorant, pectoral, sedative, sialogogue, stomachic and tonic (root); antipyretic, antiscrofulatic, antitussive, emollient, expectorant and tonic (plant)

Antiviral, anticancer (leaf); sedative and laxative (bark of root); stomachic (decoction of roots, leaves and bark)

Antispasmodic, diuretic, sedative and tonic (root)

Analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, emmenagogue, sedative, styptic and tonic (root and root bark); antibacterial (plant)

Sedative (leaves)

Analgesic, antinarcotic, antitussive, aphrodisiac, sedative and tranquilizer (seeds); sudorific (petals)

Expectorant, sedative, diaphoretic and pain reliever (flower); narcotic (latex); antimicrobial, anticancer (plant extract); sudorific, sedative and anodyne (petals); anodyne, emollient, emmenagogue, expectorant, hypnotic, slightly narcotic and sedative (flowers and petals)

Analgesic, aphrodisiac, astringent, narcotic, hypothermic and lowers blood pressure (latex); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system (fruit); laxative (seed); increases nerve strength, sedative, relieves pain, anticonvulsive, emollient.