Antitussive, anticancer, aphrodisiac, expectorant, pectoral, sedative, sialogogue, stomachic and tonic (root); antipyretic, antiscrofulatic, antitussive, emollient, expectorant and tonic (plant)

Sedative, antibacterial, antidote, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, stomachic, tonic, hypothermic, alleviates spasms, antiasthmatic, abortifacient and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); stimulating the intestinal tract (essential oil); carminative, antiinflammatory and diaphoretic (seed, stem and leaf); antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient and expectorant (seed)

Aphrodisiac, contraceptive, demulcent, diuretic, emollient, estrogenic, expectorant, laxative, pectoral, purgative, refrigerant

The seed is antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, pectoral, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, slightly diuretic, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, antimicrobial and kills certain insects.

As a carminative (leaves); anti-influenza (leaf juice); pectoral and vulnerary (plant)

Alterative, anthelmintic, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, pectoral, purgative, tonic (root)

Diuretic (leaves); carminative (infusion of leaves); febrifuge (decoction of leaves or flowers); parasiticide (decoction of the shoot); sudorific, carminative and pectoral (decoction of the roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit).

The pods are considered to possess astringent, demulcent and pectoral properties.

Astringent, disinfectant, diuretic and pectoral (inner bark).

The seed is demulcent, emollient, laxative, nutritive and pectoral; eliminates stones in the urinary tract, diuretic, strengthens nerves and tonic to the brain.

Antirheumatic, astringent and pectoral.

Antiinflammatory and antiseptic (salted fruit); antipyretic, antiseptic, emetic, ophthalmic; analgesic, anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, demulcent, emollient, expectorant, pectoral, sedative and vulnerary (seed)

Astringent, bitter and febrifuge (bark); analgesic, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, astringent, diuretic, hematonic, pectoral, sedative, tonic (berry)

Antibacterial, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cholagogue, cooling, pectoral, sialagogue and vermifuge (unripe fruit); antispasmodic, carminative and febrifuge (half ripe smoke fruits)

Antitussive, astringent, pectoral, sedative, stomachic and tonic (bark of the root, trunk and branches); expectorant and mild sedative (root bark and the aromatic inner bark); astringent (fruit)

A mild adaptogen, demulcent, immune tonic, nutritive and pectoral (root)

Antispasmodic, astringent and carminative (plant); antispasmodic, appetizer, aromatic, astringent, balsamic, carminative, pectoral and tonic (whole plant and leaves)

An excellent tonic and restorative, helping in stressful times and increasing zest for life; antitussive, aphrodisiac, hepatic, astringent, cardiotonic, cholagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, lenitive, nervine, pectoral, sedative, stimulant, tonic, regulates the cardiovascular system (fruit); antirheumatic (plant)

Antitussive, aphrodisiac, hepatic, astringent, cardiotonic, cholagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, lenitive, nervine, pectoral, sedative, stimulant and tonic (fruit); antirheumatic (plant); anticancer (seed)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)