Astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, parasiticide (leaves, root, seed)

Alleviates spasms and antiviral (plant); germicide and antiparasitical, it has been shown to be effective in lowering cholesterol and reducing blood pressure.

Antimalarial (plant and bark); antiarrhythmic and cardiotonic (plant); antipyretic, stringent and antiseptic (bark); antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antispasmodic, bitter digestive aid, cardiotonic (tones, balances, strengthens the heart).

Anthelmintic; antiparasitic, diuretic (seeds)

Protects liver (of rats) against damage at cellular level (root extract); astringent, expectorant, stimulant, antiparasitic and poisonous (to children and livestock); stimulant, alterative and tonic (root)

Anticancer, antiseptic, cathartic, emetic and purgative (plant); violent purgative and rubefacient (leaves); depilatory (latex in the stems); diuretic, parasiticide, antitumor and purgative (seed)

Alterative, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, carminative, deobstruent, deodorant, expectorant, laxative, parasiticide, sedative, stimulant, tonic.

Antiviral, cyanogenetic; antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and antiparasitic (root)

Astringent, cardiotonic, decongestant, parasiticide, stomachic and tonic.

Antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emetic in large doses, emmenagogue, narcotic, parasiticide, stimulant and stomachic (leaves); antiseptic, aromatic, digestive, narcotic and stimulant (fruit)

Anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, parasiticide and refrigerant (plant)

Antiseptic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, parasiticide, poultice, salve, sedative, stimulant, vulnerary (resin obtained from the trunk of the tree)

The plant is anodyne, antibacterial, deobstruent, diuretic, febrifuge, emmenagogue, parasiticide and refrigerant.

Analgesic, anesthetic, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiviral, candidicide, carminative, depurative, digestive, fungicide, hypotensive, irritant, larvicide, parasiticide, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic and tonic.

Diuretic (leaves); carminative (infusion of leaves); febrifuge (decoction of leaves or flowers); parasiticide (decoction of the shoot); sudorific, carminative and pectoral (decoction of the roots, leaves, flowers, and fruit).

Revulsive, depurative, anthelmintic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, antiparasitic, and anticancerous (plant); antiseptic (root and leaf) and antiparasitic (root).

Astringent, menstrual stimulant and an antiparasitic (leaves or bark).

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)

Antiinflammtory, antihistamine, bronchodilator, antacid, antiparasitic, stimulates the central nervous system, abortifacient and hypothermic (plant).

Antiseptic, diuretic, ecbolic, emmenagogue and parasiticide