Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Emetic and laxative (root); insecticidal (stem, flower and leaf); toxic (fruit oil); against Ehrlich's ascites tumors, nerve sedative.

Anti-cancerous, emmenagogue, emollient, laxative, purgative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vermifuge, vulnerary, abortifacient. antiseptic. promotes or stimulates the flow of bile, decoagulant, antibacterial, demulcent, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, ecbolic, insecticidal, anthlemintic (antitubercular), oxytocic and reduces fever.

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

Tonic, stimulant, emetic, emmenagogue, abortifacient, stimulant, diuretic, anticancer, insecticidal and contraceptive (plant).

Antilithic, antiseptic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, stomachic, antiseptic, tonic, larvicidal. insecticidal. antimicrobial and antifungal (essential plant oil); purifies blood (flower and stem); anthelmintic (flower and leaf decoction).

Carminative and diuretic (plant); insecticidal (against Earias vittella adults)(essential leaf oil); antibacterial and antifungal (oil)

Insecticidal, antibacterial and spasmolytic (alcoholic extract of the roots); antidiabetic (leaf paste)

Emollient and lubricant (mucilage of leaves); aphrodisiac (plant); antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, antitumour and insecticidal (seed oil)

Insecticidal; antibiotic (flowers)

Laxative (plant and bark); stimulates secretion of gastric juices and insecticidal (flower); purgative (bark); aromatic, bitter and stomachic (flowers)

Oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties; antimicrobial, analgesic, antipyretic and depresses the central nervous system (essential plant oil); antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, cyanogenetic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, preventative (cold), stimulant and insecticidal.

Hot, acrid, bitter, insecticidal, vulnerary (leaf and bark)

Depresses the central nervous system and hypothermic (plant); antileukemic, emetic and insecticidal (seed); emmenagogue (bark decoction);

Antiarrhythmic, hypotensive and anticancer (plant); depresses the central nervous system (leaf extract); insecticidal and aids in reducing fever (leaf).

Insecticidal, hypothermic, diuretic and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); antitubercular, antifungal and antibacterial (root bark).

Alleviates spasms, stimulant, diaphoretic, laxative, anthelmintic, antiseptic and insecticidal (plant).

Diuretic, carminative, alleviates spasms, antiprotozoal, anticancer and stimulates the cardiovascular and immune systems (seed); antiasthmatic, dilates bronchial tubes, hypotensive, insecticidal, antibacterial and in animals depresses the central nervous system.

Aromatic tonic, stimulant and internal styptic (leaves); antibacterial and insecticidal (essential oil).

Demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (leaves, bark, flowers and kernels); vermicidal and insecticidal (leaf); diuretic, sedative and vermifuge (flowers); alterative, astringent, demulcent and sedative (gum from the stems); antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative and sedative (seeds); demulcent, diuretic, expectorant and sedative (bark).