Emetic; laxative and antibilious (pod decoction); diuretic (aerial part); hemolytic; alleviates spasms and spermicidal (bark); antimalarial (leaf); spermicidal activity; expectorant; aperient.

Antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, hemolytic (plant)

Alterative, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiviral, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, haemolytic, hepatic, pectoral, sedative (root)

Alterative, analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antipyretic, antiviral, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, haemolytic, hepatic, pectoral, sedative (root)

Amyolytic, antiaggregant, antiallergic, antiherpetic, antihistaminic, antiinflammatory, antimetabolic, antioxidant, antiviral, fungicide, hemolytic, hypocholesterolemic, mitogenic, hypotensive

Avicide, hemolytic, intoxicant, narcotic, soporific.

Stimulates the cardiovascular system and anticancer (aerial part); hemolytic, kills sperm and alleviates spasms (plant); demulcent and emollient (seed oil).

Abortifacient, astringent, emollient (leaf); kills sperm, hemolytic and aids in inducing agglutination of human blood (seed); alleviates spasms (stem bark).

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiphlogistic, antitussive, astringent, carminative, expectorant, haemolytic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (roots).

Acts as a kidney tonic (leaves); diuretic, expectorant, antiseptic, haemolytic and sedative (roots); analgesic, diuretic, expectorant and nervine (plant).

Expectorant and stimulant (plant); antibacterial, cardiotonic, cerebrotonic, expectorant, haemolytic, hypotensive, sedative and tonic (root); tonic for the kidneys (leaves).

Analgesic, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, antitussive, aperient, emollient and haemolytic (seeds)

Demulcent, sedative, diuretic and expectorant action (leaves, bark, flowers and kernels); vermicidal and insecticidal (leaf); diuretic, sedative and vermifuge (flowers); alterative, astringent, demulcent and sedative (gum from the stems); antiasthmatic, antitussive, emollient, haemolytic, laxative and sedative (seeds); demulcent, diuretic, expectorant and sedative (bark).

Antiexudative, antiinflammatory, cardiodepressant, depurative, detergent, expectorant, hemolytic, hepatotoxic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulant, laxative, lipolytic, respiradepressant, spermicide and sternutator (bark).

Antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, antiphlogistic, cardiac, diuretic, febrifuge, haemolytic, hypoglycaemic, restorative, sialogogue, tonic and vasodilator (root)

Aleviates spasms, depresses the central nervous system, diuretic and hypothermic (aerial part); hemolytic (flower); alexeteric, laxative, and intellectually stimulating (fruits); alexeteric, anthelmintic (leaves)

Emetic (berries); antiecchymotic, diuretic, emetic, haemolytic and rubefacient (root)

Diuretic, sedative, antirheumatic, antidiarrheal and astringent (leaf); inhibits peristalsis of rabbit intestines (leaf essential oil); mild hemolytic (flower); alleviates spasms and expectorant (leaf and flower).

Antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antimelanomic, antitumor, astringent, analgesic, depurative, fungicide, bitter (plant or root); antiedemic, antiinflammatory, and hemolytic (plant extract).

Antiarthritic, antiherpetic, antiinflammatory, antimelanomic, antitumor, antiviral, hemolytic, sedative