Aphrodisiac (seed); alleviates spasms, contraceptive, diuretic, antiprotozoal and cholinergic (plant); reduces fever (root).

Antihemorrhagic, pungent, demulcent, antispasmodic and antihepatotoxic (seed); sudorific, aperient, diaphoretic and gentle laxative (leaf); astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (plant)

Astringent, bitter, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, hepatic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (whole plant);

Antibacterial, antifungal, appetizer, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, rubefacient and stimulant (seed)

Aperitif and diuretic (root)

Alterative, demulcent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (root)

The root is alterative, antiscrophulatic, carminative, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic and tonic.

Diuretic (rhizome); antipyretic (leaves).

Antirheumatic, antibilious, laxative, diuretic, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous system.

Alterative, anodyne, depurative, mildly diuretic, emetic, expectorant, hepatic, mildly narcotic and purgative (whole plant)

The whole plant is antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, narcotic, purgative and sedative; diuretic (leaf); extracts of the plant are analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and vasodilator.

Expectorant and diuretic (fruits)

The plant has sedative, diuretic and digestive properties; alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system and respiration (aerial part). The leaves have haemostatic properties.

Antiinflammatory (leaf); stimulant and purgative (root); diuretic, stimulates the central nervous system and hypothermic (aerial part).

Diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and antiseptic (plant); analgesic, astringent and febrifuge (blossoms); anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, aromatic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant (leaves and flowering tops)

Astringent, cathartic and styptic (leaves and blossoms); diuretic (oil obtained from plant)

Antiseptic (infusion of the dried powdered herb); astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge and stimulant (leaves); diuretic (essential oil); aperient, astringent and tonic (flowers)

Alleviates spasms, counteracts hyperactivity due to amphetamines, depresses the cardiovascular system, spermicidal, analgesic, diuretic, lithontriptic, vulnerary, sudorific and carminative (plant); diaphoretic (flower); carminative (flower and plant); anticoagulant, astringent and carminative (seed)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)

Diuretic, emollient, febrifuge, tonic and antifertility (plant); laxative (leaves); styptic (flowers and pods); antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, haemostatic and hypotensive (flower and flower buds); abortifacient (seedpods); emetic and haemostatic (seeds).