Antidote, antiemetic, antipyretic and refrigerant (stem); antiasthmatic, antiemetic, antipyretic, antitussive, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, lithontripic, sedative, sialogogue and stomachic (root)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, irritant, powerfully stimulant, stomachic and tonic (root)

Anaesthetic, analgesic, antibacterial, antipyretic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, hypotensive, odontalgic and sternutatory (whole plant); analgesic, expectorant, sedative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and purgative (roots)

Anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, emetic, strongly laxative and stomachic (tea made from the roots)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, antitussive, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, sialagogue, stomachic, nervous stimulant and tonic (root); refrigerant (a drink made from plant).

Anti-pyretic, bechic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine, stimulant and tonic (root); antitussive and stomachic (dried root).

Antispasmodic, aperient, cardiac, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative and tonic (plant); diaphoretic, hypotensive, strongly diuretic and laxative (roots); cardiac sedative, palliative, diuretic and laxative (rhizome); antibiotic (seed).

Diuretic (decoction of the roots).

Anticancer, alleviates spasms and antiarrythmic (aerial part); aphrodisiac, hypothermic and galactogenic (root); antibacterial and antifungal (bark); antioxytocic and diuretic (plant); antiallergic (root extract).

Insecticide (plant) ; diuretic (seeds)

Adaptogen, antipyretic, diuretic, tonic, uterine stimulant and vasodilator (root); antipyretic, diuretic, pectoral and tonic (plant); bactericidal, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (plant extract)

Cardiotonic, diuretic and vasodilator (dried roots)

Antiemetic, appetizer, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stomachic and tonic (rhizome)

Antibacterial, antiemetic, appetizer, digestive, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (root)

Antibacterial, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, sedative, stomachic and tonic (root); anticancer, anticholinergic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cardioactive, fungicide, hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, laxative, tonic, uterorelaxant.

Diuretic, emetic and purgative (leaves); purgative and emetic (fruits)

Sedative and narcotic (root and leaf); antiviral, antiprotozoal and hypoglycemic (50% EtOH leaf extract); anodyne, diuretic, mydriatic, narcotic, sedative.

Diuretic, disinfectant, odontalgic and stimulant tonic (plant)

Astringent, diuretic, laxative and a tonic for the heart and nerves.

As emmenagogue and diuretic(leaves); antibacterial, antifebrile and haemostatic (aerial parts); antiseptic (plant)