Antidote, antiinflammatory, antispasmodic, cathartic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, secretagogue, secretolytic, sialagogue, stimulant and tonic (root); abortifacient (bark infusion)

Stimulant, hemostatic, sedative, diuretic, styptic, emmenagogue and lithontriptic (plant); antiovulatory, stimulant, diuretic, carminative, tonic and anthelmintic and antifertility (root); anti-inflammatory, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, stimulant, stomachic, styptic, antibiotic and cytotoxic (leaf); carminative, diuretic and stimulant (seed)

Diuretic, tonic, vermifuge and contraceptive (seed); antigonorrheic, purifies blood, antibacterial, antiscorbutic, depurative, diuretic and febrifuge (plant); analgesic, anthelmintic, gently laxative, astringent, tonic (to the heart), demulcent, emollient, hemostatic, reduces fever and diaphoretic.

Anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic and expectorant (flowers, leaves); antispasmodic and sedative (yellow corolla of the flower); mildly diuretic, antirheumatic and slows the clotting of blood (root)

Slightly diuretic, laxative and supposedly prevents ailments associated with chills (flowering plant); improves metabolism and antiaging (fruit); aperient, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, laxative and stomachic (flowers, bark, leaves and fruits)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, cytotoxic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, infertility, kidney, odontalgic, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

Coagulates semen (stem bark); alleviates spasms (stem); astringent, tonic, diuretic and diaphoretic

Diaphoretic and febrifuge (flower buds)

Antipyretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and hypotensive (root)

Antifebrile, antiemetic, and counterpoisonous (plant); styptic (leaves); emetic (roots); diaphoretic and febrifuge (flowers).

Healing, antiinflammatory and expectorant; astringent, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, mildly expectorant and resolvent (leaves and flowering shoots)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antihermorrhagic, diaphoretic, rubefacient (plant); sedative (plant sap)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, rubefacient (whole plant)

Acrid, anodyne, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and emmenagogue and rubefacient (whole plant); antirheumatic (leaves, root)

Hypothermic and stimulates the central nervous system (plant); stimulant (leaf); antitussive, diaphoretic and digestive

Cleansing, diaphoretic and diuretic (leaves)

Diuretic (fresh juice of the leaves); antipyretic, antitumor, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, hemostatic, laxative, peristaltic and refrigerant (whole plant); astringent (root)

Aperient, deobstruent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic and vasoconstrictor (root)

Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antiperiodic, antiseptic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, hypnotic, sedative and tonic (bark)

Diuretic, emetic and a strong laxative (inner bark, root bark); stimulant, diaphoretic and diuretic (elder flower); antiseptic (leaves).