Antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, cardiotonic, contraceptive, diuretic, poultice, sedative and tonic (leaves)

Astringent, antiseptic, antifungal, antiinflammatory and keratolytic; astringent and laxative (fruit); anthelmintic, refrigerant and soporific (bark, root bark)

Strongly astringent (galls)

Astringent (bark, acorns)

Astringent and a noninflammatory action to the skin and mucous membranes.

Anthelmintic, as a nervine calmative, antispasmodic and abortifacient (fruit); astringent(bark); insecticidal and insectrepellent (roots).

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive and diuretic (root); eliminates toxins from the body, shows anti-tumour activity (plant); diuretic and laxative (fresh leaf juice); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seed).

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Antiscorbutic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, digestive, diuretic, tonic and laxative (root); anthelminthic, anti-tumour, antibacterial and antifungal (plant); diuretic and laxative (juice of the fresh leaves); carminative, diuretic, expectorant, laxative and stomachic (seeds)

Pungent and bitter, increases secretion and discharge of urine, purgative, astringent.

Anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic (root)

Anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, aperient, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antitumour, cholagogue, demulcent, diuretic, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic (root).

Astringent (plant)

Astringent

Cholinergic and antiinflammatory activity (flowers); astringent and poultice (leaves)

Astringent (fruit)

Astringent, antiseptic and styptic (leaf galls); depurative (leaves and roots); astringent and anthelmintic (stem bark); cholagogue (root bark);

Astringent, diuretic, styptic and tonic (leaves and seeds)

Alterative, antiseptic, astringent, galactogogue, haemostatic, rubefacient and tonic (bark or root bark); appetizer, astringent, diuretic and emetic (tea made from the roots); diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, purgative and refrigerant (berries)