Carminative, stimulant (aromatic); stimulates the apetite, antimicrobial, antiaflatoxic, invigorates the heart, analgesic, antiinflammatory, refreshes the breath and aphrodisiac.

Acrid, coolant, refrigerant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, laxative, expectorant, cardiotonic, antipyretic, antioxidative, antiviral, anti-emetic.

Aphrodisiac, antihypertensive

Antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antirheumatic, antitussive, aphrodisiac, hypoglycaemic, tonic and vasodilator (aerial parts of the plant); aphrodisiac (leaves).

Antiasthmatic, antibacterial, antirheumatic, antitussive, aphrodisiac, hypoglycaemic, tonic and vasodilator (aerial parts of the plant)

Aphrodisiac, antihypertensive

Antirheumatic, aphrodisiac, carminative, expectorant, ophthalmic and vasodilator (whole plant)

Aphrodisiac, antihypertensive

Aphrodisiac (leaves, roots)

Antirheumatic, antispasmodic, cardiotonic, emmenagogue, nervine, purgative and resolvent (flowers and stems); aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, stomachic and tonic (seeds); analgesic, antibacterial, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitumor, cardiotonic, cardiotoxic, deobstruent, depurative, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, myotonic, peristaltic, stimulant, stomachic and tonic (tea made from flowers).

Local anaesthetic, general stimulant, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, antiperiodic

Analgesic, anticholesterolemic, aphrodisiac, depurative, diuretic, hepatic, hypotensive, sedative, tonic and vasodilator (stem bark); astringent (flowers, fruits).

Anticephalgic, aphrodisiac, anodyne, diaphoretic, nerve sedative, digestive and stimulant tonic (whole plant); poison antidote (root decoction).

Astringent, deobstruent and tonic (whole plant); analgesic and aphrodisiac (seed)

It promotes contraction of the vagina and hence considered an aphrodisiac.

Tonic and diuretic (bark); vulnerary (bruised roots); astringent (young buds and the milky juice); diaphoretic (decoction of leaves); aphrodisiac (concentrated juice and fruit).

Astringent, emmenagogue and a bitter tonic (bark); diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and strongly laxative (inner bark); aphrodisiac (seed)

Alterative, aperient, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, diuretic, hemostat, pectoral, purgative, sudorific and tonic (plant).

Antiviral (stem bark); hypoglycemic (wood and bark); anthelmintic (leaf juice); laxative, blood purifier and hypothermic. It is bitter, appetiser, brain tonic, energiser, digestive, removes dropsy, alleviates thirst and burning sensation of body. Its fruits are unctuous, heavy, cooling, astringent, brain tonic, cardiotonic, aphrodisiac, increases semen, removes urinary troubles and impurities of blood. It is an antidote to snake bite and some other poisons.

Antibacterial (leaf); stimulates uterine contractions and diuretic (aerial part); stimulates or restores normal menstrual function (root bark); expectorant, demulcent, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk, laxative and aphrodisiac (seed).