Antispasmodic and carminative (leaf); barbiturate potentiation (leaf alcohol extract)antiperiodic, astringent, carminative, expectorant, stomachic, tonic.

Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Antispasmodic, astringent, ophthalmic.

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Diuretic and antiseptic (leaf); antispasmodic (leaves), stimulant and sternutatory (fresh juice).

Sedative, expectorant, antispasmodic, anthelmintic.

Antispasmodic, astringent, bitter, cardiac depressant, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, rubefacient and vermifuge (root and stem bark); emmenagogue, bechic, deobstruent and ophthalmic (fruit); astringent (leaves); as a wash for parasitic ulcers, itch, and eruptions (leaves, bark of the trunk, and roots)

Aromatic, bitter, astringent, antiseptic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, expectorant, antileukemic, anticancer and “cytotoxic against KB test-system” (root bark); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part)

Diuretic (50% EtOH extract of plant); antispasmodic and antipyretic (root).

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)

Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, homeopathic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, lithontripic, stomachic, tonic, aphrodisiac, antidysenteric, reduces fever, helps prevent snakebite, sedative, stimulant, increases the secretion of gastric juices. mild counter-irritant, lowers blood cholesterol and blood sugar, antifungal.

Anticancer, fungicidal, antiseptic, tonic and parasiticidal (plant); anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)

Anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, cancer, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator, lowers serum blood cholesterol (while increasing the level of HDL), lowers blood fats, stimulates detoxifying enzymes (from the liver), antioxidant, antibiotic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, ascaricide and certain other parasites.

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

Diuretic, antispasmodic, lithontripic (seeds)

Allergenic, alterative, antispasmodic, irritant, taenifuge, vermifuge.

Nervine, antispasmodic, alterative and diaphoretic

Analgesic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, antitussive, expectorant and stimulant (root); antiseptic, antiarthritic, antispasmodic, carminative, lenitive, stimulant, stomachic, tonic (plant)