Antiseptic, antiinflammatory, antitussive, depurative, haemostatic and pectoral.

As emmenagogue and diuretic(leaves); antibacterial, antifebrile and haemostatic (aerial parts); antiseptic (plant)

Cholagogue, emetic, febrifuge and purgative (root); antiseptic, astringent and laxative (fresh root)

Induces perspiration (bark juice); antiseptic (plant); expectorant (bark juice).

Diuretic, urinary antiseptic, tonic, stimulant

Antiseptic (leaves)

Anticancer, hypoglycemic, antiinflammatory and stimulates the cardiovascular system (root); antiamoebic, antibacterial, anticoagulant and hypotensive (root bark); diaphoretic, laxative, antipyretic, antiseptic, aids in opening the natural ducts and pores.

Antiprotozoal (plant); hypothermic (fruit); laxative (fruit and root); promotes or stimulates the flow of bile and dilates blood vessels (root bark); antiseptic, astringent, cholagogue, hepatic, purgative, refrigerant, stomachic and tonic (bark and root bark)

Aggregant, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, hemostatic and urinary antiseptic.

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, contraceptive (according to the Himalaya Drug Co.. see Miscellaneous field below).

Antiseptic, aperient, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, narcotic, sedative, styptic and sudorific (whole plant)

Antiseptic, antiinflammatory, diuretic, febrifugal, nervine, laxative, demulcent, emollient and diaphoretic (herb)

Antieczematic (plant); emetic and as an antiseptic (stem and leaves)

Astringent, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, ecbolic and antiseptic properties.

Diuretic, emetic, rubefacient and stimulant (seed); antiseptic (mustard flour)

As an antiseptic (decoction of the leaves)

Used as an astringent and antiseptic (leaves)

Antiseptic and disinfectant (leaf sap)

Hypoglycemic (seed) and mouth antiseptic (leaf decoction); diuretic (seeds)

Antiseptic (flower extract) and antimicrobial (plant extract); diaphoretic (leaves); antispasmodic, emmenagogue and stimulant (flowers); antiphlogistic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, aperient, astringent, cholagogue, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, skin, stimulant and vulnerary (flowers and leaves)