Antibacterial, antipruritic, astringent and vulnerary (root)

Antipruritic, aphrodisiac, antirheumatic, astringent, carminative, discutient, sedative, vermifuge and vulnerary (seed)

Anthelmintic and febrifuge (stem bark); anthelmintic and antifebrile (root bark); antipruritic (thorns on the plant); antibacterial, antifungal, antitussive, astringent, emetic, expectorant, haemostatic and stimulant (fruit); emetic, expectorant, decongestant and purgative (seed);

Antipruritic (juice of leaves, bark and roots)

Alterative, antipruritic, antiscorbutic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and soporific (whole plant)

Analgesic, antirheumatic, carminative, mildly diuretic, stomachic and tonic (plant decoction); antipruritic, decongestant, diuretic and stomachic (spores)

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, antifungal, antipruritic, astringent, bitter, carminative, diuretic, febrifuge, parasiticide, pectoral, stomachic and tonic (root); anthelmintic and diuretic (plant)

Antipruritic, antipyretic, cardiotonic, carminative, diaphoretic and diuretic (whole plant)

Antipruritic (seed oil)