Healing, antiinflammatory and expectorant; astringent, demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, mildly expectorant and resolvent (leaves and flowering shoots)

Antiinflammatory (seed)

Astringent, antiseptic, antifungal, antiinflammatory and keratolytic; astringent and laxative (fruit); anthelmintic, refrigerant and soporific (bark, root bark)

Antiexudative, antiinflammatory, cardiodepressant, depurative, detergent, expectorant, hemolytic, hepatotoxic, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulant, laxative, lipolytic, respiradepressant, spermicide and sternutator (bark).

Cholinergic and antiinflammatory activity (flowers); astringent and poultice (leaves)

Sedative, antibacterial, abortifacient, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms, stimulant and diuretic (plant); antirheumatic, antihysteric and analgesic (leaf); antiepileptic, rubefacient and anthelmintic (volatile oil); antidote, antispasmodic, carminative, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, haemostatic, homeopathy, ophthalmic, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.

Antiinflammatory, acrid and astringent (plant)

Antiinflammatory, slightly diuretic and laxative, antiseptic and diaphoretic (flower); laxative, diuretic and diaphoretic (leaves); laxative and diuretic (berries)

Antiinflammatory (especially of the bronchial tubes), expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic and purgative (leaf); diuretic and hypotensive (leaf extract).

Astringent (bark); antiinflammatory and stimulates the growth of hair (kernel oil); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part).

Alterative, analgesic, antiinflammatory, depurative, diuretic, hypotensive, laxative, narcotic, sedative, vermifuge and vulnerary.

Alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system and antiinflammatory; emollient, resolvent and vumerary (plant)

Anthelmintic (leaf juice); contraceptive (flower); antiseptic, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, depresses heart activity and antibacterial (seed); stimulates the cardiovascular system and antiviral (aerial part); anthelmintic (leaves)

Anthelmintic, antifungal, alleviates spasms, antiinflammatory and antibacterial (plant); depresses the central nervous system and sedative (root).

Antirheumatic, antibilious, laxative, diuretic, antiinflammatory, alleviates spasms and stimulates the central nervous system.

Antiinflammatory (in burns) (plant) and depresses the central nervous system (aerial part).

Antiinflammatory (leaf); stimulant and purgative (root); diuretic, stimulates the central nervous system and hypothermic (aerial part).

Analgesic, antiinflammatory and astringent (fruit)

Antidepressant, antidiarrheic, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, carminative, cerebrotonic, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant,emmenagogue, hepatotonic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, tranquilizer, tonic and vulnerary.

Antiinflammatory, astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary (plant)