Alleviates spasms and anticancer (50% EtOH plant extract); anthelmintic and rubefacient (seed); analgesic (leaf sap); antipyretic (root decoction)

Antiviral, anticancer, stimulates the cardiovascular system and alleviates spasms. (aerial part)

The seed, with the husk removed, is antirheumatic, diuretic, pectoral, refrigerant and tonic; astringent and irritant (plant); anticancer (grain); anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, hypoglycaemic, hypotensive, sedative, vermifuge (fruits)

Stimulates cardiovascular system and anticancer (plant).

Analgesic, antiseptic, antispasmodic and sedative (root); antitussive, cardiotonic, hypotensive and anticancer (plant extract)

Alleviates spasms, anticancer and hypoglycemic (plant); aphrodisiac (rhizome), demulcent, diuretic, tonic.

The whole plant, but especially the leaves and seed, is anaesthetic, anodyne, antiasthmatic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchodilator, hallucinogenic, hypnotic and mydriatic; alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovascular system (fruit and plant); anthelmintic, anticancer, antiseptic, sedative and narcotic (plant); antiinflammatory and analgesic.

Anticancerous

Anticancer against the epidermis of the nasopharynx region and slightly hypoglycemic (50% EtOH plant extract).

Hypoglycemic, anticancer and antiprotozoal (50% EtOH bulb extract).

Antibiotic (shoot) and anticancer (plant)

Abortifacient, astringent, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, hypotensive and styptic (whole plant)

Antiperiodic, cathartic and anticancerous (whole plant); febrifuge and vermifuge (leaves and stems); anthelmintic (root); purgative (oil from the seeds)

Antiprotozoal, anticancer, lowers blood sugar, alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system, arrests bleeding, reduces fever, soothes the skin and mucous membranes, mild laxative, sedative, relieves pain, cyanogenetic, diuretic.

Anticancer, antiseptic, cathartic, emetic and purgative (plant); violent purgative and rubefacient (leaves); depilatory (latex in the stems); diuretic, parasiticide, antitumor and purgative (seed)

Its stem-extract has antifungal properties and the aerial parts are antiprotozoal. Emetic, laxative, rubefacient, anticancer and astringent (plant); stimulates the central nervous system. hypothermic and antiprotozoal (aerial part).

Lowers blood pressure, anticancer and antiviral (50% EtOH extract).

Antirheumatic, carminative, stimulant, antiseptic and anticancer (essential oil);

Adaptogen, antiascites, anticancer, antimelanomic, antitumor, antiviral, aphrodisiac, chemopreventive and immunostimulant (root)

Antiviral, Anticancer, alterative, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardiotonic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and sedative (whole plant)