Fungitoxic against Helminthosporium oryzae (seed extract); inhibits growth of cancerous cells (seed); diuretic, demulcent and emollient (fruit capsule); as dietary protein sources (seed); gastroprotective.

Antibiotic, antiseptic and balsamic (buds); antiseptic and astringent (bark); antiseptic, balsamic, diuretic, eupeptic, expectorant, vasoconstrictor and vulnerary (resin); rubefacient (oil)

Tonic (bark); antiscorbutic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (resin); antiscorbutic (leaf)

Anodyne, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, masticatory and vulnerary (plant); antirheumatic (root decoction)

Diuretic, expectorant and highly stimulant (oil)

Astringent, diaphoretic and diuretic (bark)

Cytotoxic and anthelmintic (seed); antiestrogenic (root); stimulates the cardiovascular system (aerial part); Abortifacient (seed and root), anodyne, aphrodisiac, antimicrobial, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, febrifuge, hemostat, laxative, purgative, refrigerant, sedative, vermifuge, anti-fertility activity (Prakash & Mathur, 1976), antitumour activity

Laxative and expectorant (seeds); demulcent (leaves); antipyretic (roots); demulcent and diuretic (infusion leaves or roots); astringent and diuretic (bark).

Demulcent, aphrodisiac, laxative, diuretic, pulmonary and sedative (leaves); Astringent and diuretic (bark); Laxative, expectorant and demulcent (seeds); laxative and tonic, promoting the libido and relieving feverishness and producing a felling of coolness, antiinflammatory and anthelmintic (plant); analgesic (fixed oil).

Demulcent (leaves); diuretic, emollient, laxative and stomachic (seed)

Antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, demulcent, diarrhea, febrifuge, rheumatism, and stimulant. Sedative and relaxes muscles (pod); diuretic and abortifacient (aerial part); astringent, flowers are stimulating (bark). The delicious perfume yielded by the pods is alterative. Flowers contain insecticidal compounds.

Carminative, digestive, sedative and tonic (flower heads); anodyne, anthelmintic, carminative, discutient, diuretic, oxytocic, sedative, stimulant, tonic, vermifuge and vulnerary (stem bark)

Emetic; laxative and antibilious (pod decoction); diuretic (aerial part); hemolytic; alleviates spasms and spermicidal (bark); antimalarial (leaf); spermicidal activity; expectorant; aperient.

As an emollient, laxative and diuretic (decoction of leaves and flowers); expectorant (bark)

Expectorant and induces nausea (root); antibacterial (plant); diuretic and laxative; Cathartic, anthelmintic, emetic, anodyne and hypnotic, antimicrobial activity (extract of dried leaves).

Tonic (leafy shoots); antibacterial, antirheumatic and diuretic (root); aphrodisiac, nutritive and tonic (plant)

Diuretic (roots)

Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal (essential leaf oil), diuretic and sudorific

Appetizer, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stomachic and tonic (leaves and flowering stems)

Antibiotic (leaf); hypoglycemic, diuretic and laxative (plant); astringent and prevents tetanus, alterative, antiperiodic and purgative; antifungal activity against Aspergillus carneus (oil).