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Monarda didyma L.


Botanical Name	:	Monarda didyma L.
English Name	:	Bee balm
Family	:	Lamiaceae

General Info

Description

A hardy perennial herb grows to 0.7-1.5 m in height, with the stems square in cross-section. The leaves are opposite, 6-15 cm long and 3-8 cm broad, and dark green with reddish leaf veins and a coarsely-toothed margin; they are glaborous or sparsely pubescent above with spreading hairs below. It has ragged, bright red tubular flowers 3-4 cm long, borne on showy heads of about 30 together, with reddish bracts.

Herb Effects

Abortifacient, antipyretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic, digestive and vermifuge; anthelmintic, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, rubefacient and stimulant (leaves and flowering stems)

Links

Floridata
Monarda didyma L.
Botanical.com
Plants for a Future

Chemistry

Active Ingredients

1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, alpha-terpinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-pinene, bornyl-acetate, camphene, gamma-terpinene, germacrene-D, limonene, linalyl-acetate, myrcene, p-cymene, terpinolene (flower, leaf, plant); beta-sitosterol (leaf); borneol, geraniol, geranyl-acetate (flower, leaf); carvacrol, linarin, naringenin, pulegone, thymol (plant); delta-3-carene, ursolic acid (leaf); rosmarinic acid (flower)

Chemistry of Active Ingredients

Name

CAS#

IUPAC Name

Formula

Structure

1,8-Cineole

8024-53-1

2,2,4-trimethyl-3-ox
abicyclo[2.2.2]octan
e

C₁₀H₁₈O

alpha-Pinene

80-56-8

2,7,7-trimethylbicyc
lo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene

C₁₀H₁₆

alpha-Terpinene

99-86-5

1-methyl-4-propan-2-
yl-cyclohexa-1,3-die
ne

C₁₀H₁₆

alpha-Terpineol

10482-56-1

2-(4-methyl-1-cycloh
ex-3-enyl)propan-2-o
l

C₁₀H₁₈O

beta-Pinene

23089-32-9

6,6-dimethyl-2-methy
lidene-norpinane

C₁₀H₁₆

Bornyl acetate

20347-65-3

(1,7,7-trimethylnorb
ornan-2-yl) acetate

C₁₂H₂₀O₂

Camphene

5794-04-7

2,2-dimethyl-3-methy
lidene-norbornane

C₁₀H₁₆

gamma-Terpinene

99-85-4

1-methyl-4-propan-2-
yl-cyclohexa-1,4-die
ne

C₁₀H₁₆

Limonene

9003-73-0

1-methyl-4-prop-1-en
-2-yl-cyclohexene

C₁₀H₁₆

Linalyl acetate

8022-85-3

3,7-dimethylocta-1,6
-dien-3-yl acetate

C₁₂H₂₀O₂

Myrcene

2153-31-3

7-methyl-3-methylide
ne-octa-1,6-diene

C₁₀H₁₆

p-Cymene

Not Available

Dichlororuthenium;
1-methyl-5,6-dihydro
-4H-pyrimidine;
p-cymene

C₁₅H₂₄C_l2N₂Ru

Terpinolene

586-62-9

1-methyl-4-propan-2-
ylidene-cyclohexene

C₁₀H₁₆

beta-Sitosterol

5779-62-4

17-(5-ethyl-6-methyl
-heptan-2-yl)-10,13-
dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9
,11,12,14, 15,16,17
-dodecahydro-1H-cycl
openta[a]phenanthren
-3-ol

C₂₉H₅₀O

Borneol

10385-78-1

1,7,7-trimethylnorbo
rnan-2-ol

C₁₀H₁₈O

Geraniol

8007-13-4

3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dien-1-ol

C₁₀H₁₈O

Geranyl acetate

8022-83-1

3,7-dimethylocta-2,6
-dienyl acetate

C₁₂H₂₀O₂

Carvacrol

499-75-2

2-methyl-5-propan-2-
yl-phenol

C₁₀H₁₄O

Linarin

480-36-4

4-hydroxy-2-(4-metho
xyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-t
rihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-
trihydroxy -6-methy
l-oxan-2-yl)oxymethy
l]oxan-2-yl]oxy-chro
men-5-one

C₂₈H₃₂O₁₄

Naringenin

Not Available

5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-h
ydroxyphenyl)-chroma
n-4-one

C₁₅H₁₂O₅

Pulegone

3285-04-9

5-methyl-2-propan-2-
ylidene-cyclohexan-1
-one

C₁₀H₁₆O

Thymol

89-83-8

5-methyl-2-propan-2-
yl-phenol

C₁₀H₁₄O

Ursolic acid

77-52-1

10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b
,9,9,12a-heptamethyl
-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a
,10,11,12, 13,14b-t
etradecahydro-1H-pic
ene-4a-carboxylic
acid

C₃₀H₄₈O₃

Rosmarinic acid

537-15-5

3-(3,4-dihydroxyphen
yl)-2-[3-(3,4-dihydr
oxyphenyl)prop-2-eno
yloxy]prop anoic
acid

C₁₈H₁₆O₈

Pharmacology

Medicinal Use

For digestive disorders, flatulent colic and sickness, to treat urinary disorders, rheumatism etc

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