An evergreen shrub growing to 3 m at a medium rate with oblanceolate, acute to sub-acuminate mostly entire leaves, small pale yellow flowers in 20-flowered racemes and ovoid black berries,
Herb Effects
Aperient, carminative, febrifuge, ophthalmic, antiprotozoal, antiviral, anticancer, stimulates the cardiovascular system, respiration and alleviates spasms (root).
Chandel et al., Biodiversity in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants in India.
Uniyal et al., Medicinal Flora of Garhwal Himalayas. Bentley and Trimen, Medicinal Plants. Khan I. Qayum A. Qureshi Z. Study of the hypotensive action of berbamine.
Health Remedies 
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