A medium to large tree (upto 100 ft) with spreading crown. Leaves are odd-pinnately compound with prominent, hering-bone venation in the ovate, acute-tipped leaflets;entire margins. All Juglans spp. are monoecious, bearing male and female reproductive organs on separate flowers on the same tree. Although J. regia is self-fertile, it is heterodichogamous, either protandrous or protogynous depending on cultivar. Catkins ( inflorescences) are borne laterally on 1-yr wood, and pistillate flowers are borne terminally in spikes of typically 2 to 4 flowers. Fruit (nut) green, fleshy, shuck covers the nut until maturity, when it dehisces irregularly, releasing the nut. There are fewer nuts per cluster, but more nut clusters compared to pecan.

The leaves are alterative, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, astringent and depurative. The seeds are antilithic, diuretic and stimulant; anthelmintic (leaf, unripe shell, green hull, bark and fruit oil); antisyphilis (unripe shell and green hull); cleansing (bark and leaf); restores health (bark, fruit and leaf); laxative (fruit oil)

Juglans regia
Plants for a Future

Ascorbic acid, citric acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, malic acid (fruit); avicularin, beta-eudesmol, caffeic acid, cyanidin, eugenol, hyperin, inositol, juglone, kaempferol, nicotine, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, quercitrin (leaf); Juglansin (kernel); beta-carotene, folacin, lecithin, linoleic acid, niacin, oleic acid, palmitic acid, pantothenic acid, riboflavin, stearic acid, thiamin (seed); beta-sitosterol (plant); betulin, tannin (bark); betulinic acid (stem bark); serotonin (embryo)

In scrofula, syphilis, eczema and herpes (bark and leaf); rheumatism (fruit); as a vermifuge, laxative and in skin diseases (fruit oil); in dysentery and colic (kernel); to treat constipation, chronic coughs, asthma, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, skin ailments and purify the blood; coughs and vertigo (male inflorescences); in the treatment of diarrhoea and anaemia, low back pain, frequent urination, weakness of both legs, chronic cough, asthma, constipation due to dryness or anaemia and stones in the urinary tract, as a poultice to areas of dermatitis and eczema (rind); menstrual problems and dry skin conditions (seed oil); in the treatment of cancer (cotyledons).

Sharma, Classical Uses of Medicinal Plants.