An annual or sometimes perennial herb with fibrous, yellowish-red roots, stem (5-)15-50(-80) cm long. Leaves 3-6(-8) mm wide, flat or channelled, scabrid on the margins in the upper part. Inflorescence simple or compound, involucral bracts 3-5(-7), up to 40 cm long, primary rays 3-5(-8), very unequal, up to 10(-18) cm long, spikelets spicately arranged, 6-20(-24)-flowered; stamens 2-3, stigmas 3, minute. Fruit triquetrous, obovoid or ellipsoid, shining dark brown to black.
Herb Effects
As tonic, stimulant, stomachic, febrifuge and astringent (plant); diuretic (rhizome)
Health Remedies 
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