A treelet that grows up to 6m high and has branches midway up. Bole is 8cm in diameter. Stems are hollowed and thorny, the thorns are 5mm long. Leaves are simple and spiral; petiole is channeled above and 5–7.4cm long; blade is 22.3cm × 11.6cm – 16.7cm × 7.9cm – 14cm × 6.1cm, and shows 7–9 pairs of secondary nerves; base is wedge-shaped, the apex is tailed, and the whole blade is velvety. Inflorescences are axillary cymes that are up to 5cm long; calyx is glandular and tomentose; corolla is cream and the five lobes are inflexed and anthers are yellow. Fruits are globose berries, olive green and glossy at first, then turning black, and 1.2cm in diameter.
Herb Effects
Antidiabetic (leaves)
Chemistry
Pharmacology
Medicinal Use
Used as a remedy for dysentery and intestinal pain (plant); used externally to counteract poisoning and to heal mouth sores (leaves).
Reference
Christophe Wiart. Medicinal Plants of Asia and the Pacific, P:275-276, CRC Press, June 2006.
Health Remedies 
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