Antiinflammatory, disinfectant, odontalgic, stomachic, vulnerary

Analgesic, aperitif, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, odontalgic, sialagogue, sternutatory and styptic (leaves)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, odontalgic, stomachic and tonic (whole plant)

Diuretic, odontalgic, rubefacient and stomachic (herb)

Hypnotic and odontalgic (bark)

Anaesthetic, analgesic, antibacterial, antipyretic, antitussive, diaphoretic, diuretic, hypotensive, odontalgic and sternutatory (whole plant); analgesic, expectorant, sedative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic and purgative (roots)

Diuretic, disinfectant, odontalgic and stimulant tonic (plant)

Depresses the central nervous system, purifies blood, laxative, anthelmintic and cardiotonic (plant); anti-scorbutic, anthelmintic, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, mildly laxative, odontalgic (leaves)

Stimulating effect on the circulation and bile production, diuretic (dried or fresh leaves); astringent, diaphoretic, febrifuge, nutritive and odontalgic (bark, leaves, catkins and fruits)

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, antiviral and hypotensive (plant); anodyne, astringent, diaphoretic, febrifuge, odontalgic and vulnerary (leaves)

Antiseptic, astringent, emmenagogue, galactogogue and odontalgic (whole plant); abortifacient, analgesic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antiulcer, astringent, deodorant, deobstruent, depurative, diuretic, digestive, hemostat, neurotonic, tonic, urinary antiseptic (leaves); nerve tonic and slightly astringent (tea from the leaves); diuretic (tea made from root).

Oestrogenic agent, antibacterial, carminative, diuretic, odontalgic, stimulant, and stomachic (fruits); stimulant, antiseptic, stomachic, carminative, mildly expectorant and gastrointestinal spasmolytic (plant essential oil).

Antibiotic, antidote, diuretic, emetic, febrifuge, lithontripic, odontalgic, poultice, purgative, vermifuge.

Antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic and ophthalmic (leaves); antirheumatic, diuretic, hypotensive and pectoral (stems); antitussive, diuretic, expectorant and hypotensive (root bark); anthelmintic and purgative (bark)

Antiscorbutic and stimulant (plant); blood purifier, vermifuge and diuretic (plant decoction); antiscorbutic, depurative, diuretic, expectorant, purgative, hypoglycaemic, odontalgic, stimulant and stomachic (leaves)

Diuretic, alterative, depurative, refrigerant and odontalgic (decoction of the leaves or bark)

Analgesic, antitussive, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, odontalgic, sedative and stimulant (resin).

Anthelmintic, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, astringent, cardiac, cytotoxic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, infertility, kidney, odontalgic, skin, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

Irritant, odontalgic and antirheumatic (bark and roots); diaphoretic, stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic and antirheumatic (fruits).

Irritant, odontalgic and antirheumatic (bark and roots); diaphoretic, stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic and antirheumatic (fruits).