Alterative, analgesic, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diuretic, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, hypotensive, nervine and tonic (root)

Analgesic , antibacterial, antioxidant, hyperglycemic, memory enhancer, nervine (balances/calms nerves), neurasthenic, platelet aggregation inhibitor (to prevent clogged arteries), stimulant, vasodilator.

Demulcent, cooling, aphrodisiac, lactagogue and nervine tonic

Diaphoretic, antipyretic and astringent (leaf and root); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part); antidysenteric and nervine tonic (leaf).

Cholinergic and relaxes smooth muscles, antipyretic, analgesic, laxative and nervine tonic (plant); antiinflammatory (stem); antiimplantation (aerial part); succulent, aperient (leaves); alexiteric, antipyretic, bitter, laxative and thermogenic (root)

Acts as a kidney tonic (leaves); diuretic, expectorant, antiseptic, haemolytic and sedative (roots); analgesic, diuretic, expectorant and nervine (plant).

Anthelmintic, as a nervine calmative, antispasmodic and abortifacient (fruit); astringent(bark); insecticidal and insectrepellent (roots).

An excellent tonic and restorative, helping in stressful times and increasing zest for life; antitussive, aphrodisiac, hepatic, astringent, cardiotonic, cholagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, lenitive, nervine, pectoral, sedative, stimulant, tonic, regulates the cardiovascular system (fruit); antirheumatic (plant)

Antitussive, aphrodisiac, hepatic, astringent, cardiotonic, cholagogue, expectorant, hypotensive, lenitive, nervine, pectoral, sedative, stimulant and tonic (fruit); antirheumatic (plant); anticancer (seed)

Inhibit HIV infection in human T lymphocyte cells and mononuclear phagocytic lineage cells; anodyne, antibacterial, anticholesterolemic, antipyretic, antispasmodic, astringent, cholagogue, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, laxative, nervine, mildly sedative, stomachic and tonic (roots)

Antidepressant, antidiarrheic, anthelmintic, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, astringent, bitter, carminative, cerebrotonic, cholagogue, depurative, digestive, diuretic, expectorant,emmenagogue, hepatotonic, hypotensive, nervine, sedative, tranquilizer, tonic and vulnerary.

Alterative, analgesic, antiaggregant, antiedemic, antiexudative, antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antispasmodic, antitumor, astringent, carcinogenic, carminative, collyrium, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, emollient, expectorant, fumitory, hemostatic , hepatotoxic, hypotensive, immunostimulant, insecticide, lactagogue, laxativ, lymphotonic, myorelaxant, nervine, antidote, proteolytic, sedative, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator and vulnerary (plant);

Bitter, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, nervine and stimulant (root); antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, emmenagogue, diaphoretic and stimulant (plant)

Sedative and kills bacteria (rhizome and root), alleviates spasms and expectorant (root), antibacterial (essential oil), antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, hypnotic, nervine, stimulant.

The root is antispasmodic, carminative, diuretic, hypnotic, powerfully nervine, stimulant, sedative, antistress, hypnotic, reduces pain sensation and promotes sleep

Abortifacient, anodyne, antispasmodic, astringent, nervine and sedative (root and stem bark)

Sedative, antispasmodic, cardiac, cytostatic, diuretic, hypotensive, narcotic, nervine, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator, emetic, anticancer and has a positve effect on arteriosclerosis (aerial part and leaf); hypotensive (leaf, wood and bark); diuretic and laxative (fruit); cardiotonic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic and purgative (fruit, leaf, wood and bark).

Analgesic, antiemetic, aphrodisiac, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive, expectorant, nervine, rubefacient, stimulant, stomachic.