Diuretic (leaves); diuretic, galactogogue, laxative and ophthalmic (root); laxative and ophthalmic (bark)

Strongly diuretic.

Cardiac, strongly diuretic, stimulant and tonic (leaves)

Cardiotonic, diuretic, stimulant and tonic (leaf); promotes and stimulates the activity of all muscle tissues, improves blood flow to the kidneys and aids in removing any obstructions there thus improving urination, poisonous (can be fatal in high doses) and sedative.

Diuretic (50% EtOH aerial part extract).

Laxative, are diuretic, laxative and styptic (leaf); carminative and astringent (leaf, bark and fruit); hypotensive (aerial part).

Astringent (fruit and stem bark); acrid, bitter and oleaginous (unripe fruit); cooling, anti-inflammatory, constipating, depurative and febrifuge (bark); diuretic, carminative, laxative, ophthalmic and stypic (leaves); diuretic and aphrodisiac (flowers).

Diaphoretic, diuretic and stomachic (root).

Antirheumatic, cancer, emmenagogue, galactofuge, haemostatic, hepatic and tonic (roots); diuretic (seed); for rheumatism (plant)

Alleviates spasms, stimulates the cardiovascular system and diuretic (aerial part).

Antitumor, emmenagogue; antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, mildly diuretic, expectorant, poultice, stimulant and vasodilator (resin)

Used as febrifuge (fruits); stimulant (flowers); diuretic (infusion of leaves and juice of fruit).

Aromatic, bitter, nervine tonic, alterative, diuretic, aphrodisiac and lowers blood sugar (root); increases nerve strength (plant).

Anodyne, antidote, aphrodisiac, diuretic, and vulnerary (oil); diuretic (roots); laxative (plant sap).

Diuretic (seeds)

Diuretic, febrifuge and emetic (decoction of plant); diuretic and antihepatic (entire plant); as vulnerary (leaves); tonic and depurative (aerial parts).

Stimulates the central nervous system and diuretic (aerial part).

Hypothermic, stimulates the central nervous system, diuretic and carminative (plant); antibacterial, antipyretic, antiviral, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic and stomachic (oil)

Fights diarrhea (root), spermicidal, stimulates uterine contractions and diuretic (seed), contraceptive, astringent, stimulant, anthelmintic (kills Ascaris lumbricoides), antibacterial and carminative (fruit)alterative, stimulant.

Acrid, coolant, refrigerant, diuretic, aphrodisiac, laxative, expectorant, cardiotonic, antipyretic, antioxidative, antiviral, anti-emetic.