Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, diuretic, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (roots)

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, diuretic, febrifuge, hypoglycaemic and hypotensive (roots)

Antiseptic, highly astringent, diuretic, styptic and tonic (whole plant especially root)

Astringent and diuretic (plant)

Antiinflammatory, expectorant, antidiuretic, antihistaminic and antiulcer (glycyrrhizin), antiviral (glycyrrhizic acid),depurative, stimulates secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex, encourages production of hormones (including hydrocortisone).

Astringent, antiseptic, anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, astringent, diaphoretic and diuretic

Abortifacient, astringent, antifungal, contraceptive, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, hemostatic, lactagogue, oxytocic, pectoral, uterotonic and vasoconstrictor

Antibacterial (leaf); stimulates uterine contractions and diuretic (aerial part); stimulates or restores normal menstrual function (root bark); expectorant, demulcent, stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk, laxative and aphrodisiac (seed).

Abortifacient, aphrodisiac, astringent, contraceptive, cytostat, diuretic, emmenagogue, emollient, hemostat, hypercholesterolemic, hypertriglyceridemic, hypocholesterolemic, lactagogue. oxytocic, uterotonic and vasoconstrictor.

Nervine tonic, brain tonic, demulcent, anti-acidic, expectorant, antipyretic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, carminative and cardiac tonic.

Astringent, cardiac tonic, diuretic, aphrodisiac

Antibacterial, antidote, antiseptic, antiviral, astringent, bronchodilator, CNS-stimulant, cytotoxic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, respirastimulant, stomachic and uterotonic.

Alleviates spasms (50% EtOH aerial part extract); antidiabetic. stimulates insulin production and/or secretion and antiviral (leaf); inhibits high blood sugar levels (leaf extract); increases the secretion of gastric juices. laxative. diuretic, acrid, alexipharmic, anodyne, anthelmintic, antipyretic, astringent, bitter, cardiotonic, digestive, emetic,expectorant, laxative, stimulant, stomachic, uterine tonic.

Antirheumatic (seed oil); alleviates spasms, diuretic and depresses the central nervous system (50% EtOH aerial part extract); emetic (seed); as a febrifuge (bark)

Antiseptic, cytotoxic, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, insecticide, purgative.

Allergenic, analgesic, antiarrhythmic, antiarthritic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antirheumatic, choleretic, depurative, digestive, diuretic, hypocholesterolemic, hypotensive, laxative, secretagogue, sedative, tonic, uricolytic, uterocontractant.

Carminative, rubefacient, stimulant (leaves or flowering stems); stimulant, carminative, and emmenagogue (oil); relaxant, stimulant, diffusive (plant); abortifacient, allergenic, analgesic, anesthetic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, decongestant, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, nervine.

Antiviral, Anticancer, alterative, anodyne, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, cardiotonic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge and sedative (whole plant)

Anticholinergic, antidote, antispasmodic, anxiolytic, astringent, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, hallucinogen, hemostatic, laxative, myorelaxant, narcotic, psychomimetic, sedative, tonic, tranquilizer, vasodilator and vulnerary (leaves)

Diuretic, expectorant; febrifuge, stomachic and nutitive (flower heads and seeds)