Emollient, sudorific or antiscorbutic (leaves)

Anodyne, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, masticatory and vulnerary (plant); antirheumatic (root decoction)

Astringent, diaphoretic and diuretic (bark)

Cathartic, diaphoretic and emetic (plant)

Antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal (essential leaf oil), diuretic and sudorific

Appetizer, diaphoretic, digestive, diuretic, stomachic and tonic (leaves and flowering stems)

Analgesic, aperitif, astringent, cardiac, diaphoretic, digestive, emmenagogue, odontalgic, sialagogue, sternutatory and styptic (leaves)

Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, odontalgic, stomachic and tonic (whole plant)

Kills insects, Analgesic, Anodyne, Diaphoretic, Diuretic, Irritant, Sedative.

Initial depressant followed by stimulant effect, antiphlogistic, virulent poison (in high doses), alterative, anaesthetic, antiarthritic, deobstruent, sedative, anodyne, diuretic, diaphoretic.

Alterative, anaesthetic, antiarthritic, deobstruent, diaphoretic, diuretic, sedative and stimulant.

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Analgesic, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antiviral, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, tonic (root)

Analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, sedative, tonic (root)

Diuretic, expectorant (plant); antidandruff, antitussive, astringent, demulcent, depurative, emetic, weakly emmenagogue, emollient, weakly expectorant, febrifuge, galactogogue, laxative, pectoral, refrigerant, stimulant, sudorific and tonic (fresh or dried leafy fronds)

Cardiac and diaphoretic (leaves)

Antibacterial, antifungal, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, febrifuge and stomachic (leaves and stem)

Antiseptic, aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive tonic, diuretic, kidney tonic, stimulant, tonic, urinary antiseptic, uterine stimulant.

Diuretic (root); anticancer, laxative, emmenagogue and piscicidial (leaf); diaphoretic, dropsy, venereal sores, dysentery.