Appetizer, astringent, cathartic, cytostatic, emetic, stomachic and tonic (bark)

Antiinflammatory, antiprostaglandin, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antitussive, bronchospasmolytic, cytostatic, immunostimulant and secretolytic (plant)

Sedative, antispasmodic, cardiac, cytostatic, diuretic, hypotensive, narcotic, nervine, stimulant, tonic, vasodilator, emetic, anticancer and has a positve effect on arteriosclerosis (aerial part and leaf); hypotensive (leaf, wood and bark); diuretic and laxative (fruit); cardiotonic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic and purgative (fruit, leaf, wood and bark).