Anthelmintic (fruit and leaf); alleviates spasms and antiviral (aerial part and root); stops bleeding (bark); coolant and reduces fever (leaf); anthelmintic, emetic (pods); alexipharmic and cooling (seeds); astringent (flowers)

Astringent and diuretic (plant); taken as a tonic (infusion of stems); as a vermifuge (pounded stems).

Antispasmodic and antiviral (stem bark); astringent, anti-inflammatory, expectorant and tonic (leaf and bark).

Astringent (root); hypothermic and stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part); rubefacient (leaves)

Astingent, antispasmodic, antisyphilitic, strongly astringent (they contain 8% tannin), expectorant, haemostatic and sedative (root)

Antiinflammatory, analgesic and fights pathogenic Epidermophyton, carminative (wood), astringent and febrifuge (bark); expectorant.

Diaphoretic, diuretic and emetic (root); analgesic, antipyretic, astringent, cardioactive, cholagogue, depurative, emmenagogue, laxative.

Alleviates spasms (fruit); astringent, lenitive and stomachic (leaves and fruits).

Demulcent and emollient (seedpods); astringent and purgative (seed husk); astringent (bark).

Astringent (plant)

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, astringent and digestive (fruit)

Antipyretic, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, hemostatic, laxative and narcotic (plant)

Analgesic, antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, febrifuge, rubefacient, stimulant and tonic (plant)

Alterative, antibacterial, astringent, diaphoretic, diuretic, rubefacient, stimulant and tonic (whole plant); rubefacient (fresh leaves)

Taken as a pectoral (decoction of rind or leaves); astringent, tonic and stimulant (bark); tonic, diuretic and febrifuge (seed); diuretic, febrifuge and vermifuge (dried latex)

Astringent and febrifuge (bark extract)

Lowers blood lipids and cholesterol, reduces stress, builds endurance and vigor, estrogenic, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, stimulant and tonic. An acid exudation from the seedpods is astringent.

Alterative, analgesic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, astringent, blood cleanser, cardiac, diuretic, emetic, emmenagogue, expectorant, laxative, sedative, stimulant, sudorific and tonic.

Astringent, aromatic, stimulant, carminative, expectorant, antiemetic, reduces nausea and lipolytic.

Relieves pain, diaphoretic, germicide, reduces fever, laxative, astringent, carminative, diuretic and stimulates the heart and liver.