Anodyne, antiseptic, diaphoretic, diuretic, masticatory and vulnerary (plant); antirheumatic (root decoction)

Antirheumatic, expectorant and stimulant (oil from leaves)

Tonic (leafy shoots); antibacterial, antirheumatic and diuretic (root); aphrodisiac, nutritive and tonic (plant)

Anti-rheumatic (twig); cathartic (bark)

Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Anodyne, antiinflammatory, antirheumatic, bitter, digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue and vasodilator (roots)

Anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, cardiotonic, stimulant and vasodilator (root).

Analgesic, sedative, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, anticonvulsant, antidiarrheal, antirheumatic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, purifies the blood, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic, emetic, expectorant, reduces fever, hemostatic, laxative, kills fleas and lice.

Antifungal, antibacterial, antiperiodic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, aromatic, cardiac, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenaggue, febrifuge, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, tonic and vermifuge (root); anodyne, antiperiodic, antispasmodic, digestive, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, sedative, stimulant, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, vermifuge (whole plant)

Analgesic, antirheumatic, galactogogue and rubefacient (root)

Antirheumatic, astringent, demulcent, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge, haemostatic, pectoral and tonic (whole plant)

Antirheumatic, diuretic, sedative and vulnerary (whole plant)

Antirheumatic (plant)

Anodyne, antifungal, antiphlogistic, bitter, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, laxative, galactogogue, resolvent, stimulant, stomachic and vulnerary (stems); antirheumatic, depurative, diuretic, febrifuge, stomachic and tonic (fruit)

Alterative, antirheumatic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (herb)

Alterative, antirheumatic, astringent, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, sedative, styptic, tonic and vulnerary (herb)

Antirheumatic, rubefacient and tonic (leaves); antiseptic, neurotonic, vesicant and toxic (plant).

Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, carminative, nervine and vasodilator (roots and rhizomes);

Acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anodyne (whole plant); acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).