Laxative, diuretic, antimicrobial, protects the liver, increases the formation and/or secretion of bile and stimulates the secretion of gastric juices.

The seed is antiseptic, antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, pectoral, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, slightly diuretic, stimulates the secretion of gastric juices, antimicrobial and kills certain insects.

Carminative (fruit), stimulant, diuretic, lowers blood pressure and reduces fever (root), analgesic (root and fruit), antimicrobial (essential oil), hypoglycemic and induces spasms (plant) antitubercular and hematinic.

Antipyretic, anticonvulsive, spasmolytic, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antihypertensive (root)

Diuretic and astringent (tuber); antimicrobial (rhizome)

Diuretic (leaf); alleviates spasms, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, analgesic (pain-reliever), antispasmodic, anticancerous (plant); anti-diabetes mellitus (leaf and stem)

Aphrodisiac, astringent, cooling and tonic (root); antimicrobial, hypotensive and antiarrhythmic (plant).

Reduces fever, antiasthmatic, stimulates the central nervous system, antidysenteric, antimicrobial, alleviates spasms and hypoglycemic (root); hypotensive (rhizome).

Hypoglycemic, hypotensive, cardiotonic, diuretic and antimicrobial (leaves)

Galactogogue and antimicrobial (bark decoction)

Abortifacient, adaptogen, antibiotic, astringent, deobstruent, narcotic, sedative, tonic, antitumor, stimulates the central nervous system, antihepatotoxic, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial (leaf); stimulates the secretion and/or flow of milk (plant); hypnotic (sedative), aphrodisiac, diuretic, antispasmodic, stimulates the immune system.

Purgative (seeds); antimicrobial (leaves)