Anticancer, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, cytotoxic and antispasmodic (essential oil); hemostatic, alterative, analgesic, antidiarrheal, antiemetic, antirheumatic, antiseptic, astringent, purifies the blood, carminative, anthelmintic and anticonvulsive.

Diuretic and antihelmintic (plant); anticancer (50% EtOH extract from plant).

Diuretic (50% EtOH fruit extract) and antiedematous (plant extract); antiinflammatory (bark extract); anticancer, vasodilating and improves the elasticity of blood vessel walls.

Diuretic (root); anticancer, laxative, emmenagogue and piscicidial (leaf); diaphoretic, dropsy, venereal sores, dysentery.

Antipyretic (leaves and roots); anticancerous (leaves).

Aromatic, bitter, astringent, antiseptic, febrifuge, anthelmintic, antispasmodic, expectorant, antileukemic, anticancer and “cytotoxic against KB test-system” (root bark); stimulates the central nervous system (aerial part)

Produces spasms and anticancer (50% EtOH extract of plant); antihelmintic and antisyphilitic (root bark); astringent, febrifugal, stimulant, aperient, tonic, diuretic and depurative (plant)

Astringent, tonic, antileprotic and anthelmintic (stem bark); alleviates spasms and stimulates the cardiovasular system (root); hypoglycemic (stem bark and pod); anticancer and spermicidal (root and pod); antiprotozoal (pod).

Antiprotozoal, antiarrhythmic, anticancer, cooling and bitter, possesses anti-bilious, antiseptic properties, and is a laxative, diuretic, expectorant and alleviates spasms (plant); antibacterial (leaf); antibilious (plant decoction).

Anticancer, fungicidal, antiseptic, tonic and parasiticidal (plant); anthelmintic, antiasthmatic, anticholesterolemic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, stimulant, stomachic, tonic, vasodilator (bulb)

Laxative (bark decoction); anticancer and hypotensive (stem bark); anthelmintic (bark); hypothermic and aphrodisiac (prolongs erection in males); astringent and galactogogue, antibacterial activity (Khan et al., 2003).

Hypotensive, anticancer and diuretic (aerial part); toxic to birds (berry).

The root is analgesic, antiarthritic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, CNS Depressant, depurative, diaphoretic, diuretic,emetic, immunostimulant, laxative, myorelaxant and sedative. The whole plant is analgesic, antiperiodic, antiphlogistic, blood purifier, disinfectant, diuretic, laxative, stomachic and vulnerary.

Anticancer (root and its bark, stem and leaf); antihypertensive and alleviates spasms (root); cardiotonic (leaf).

Achic, anodyne, antispasmodic, tonic, diuretic, emmenagogue, emetic (plant); anticancer, stimulant and carminative (flower); sedative, antiinflammatory and antidiuretic (oil).

Acrid, astringent, digestive, depurative, urinary astringent, ophthalmic, anthelmintic (seed and bark); anticancer, immunosuppressive and stimulates the cardiovascular system (stem).

Acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and anodyne (whole plant); acrid, anodyne, antibacterial, antifungal, antiphlogistic, antirheumatic, anticancer, antispasmodic, antitumor, expectorant, sedative and stomachic (root).

Acrid, irritant, analgesic, anticancer, expectorant and as a sialogogue (root).

Tonic, stimulant, emetic, emmenagogue, abortifacient, stimulant, diuretic, anticancer, insecticidal and contraceptive (plant).